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Final Target Vocabulary_ENG

Page history last edited by Hatice Karaaslan 9 years, 6 months ago

 

ABANDON (v): (1) to leave a place, thing or person forever; (2) to stop doing an activity before you have finished it

ABANDONMENT (n): to give up by leaving or ceasing to operate or inhabit, especially as a result of danger or other threat

ABNORMAL (adj): different from what is usual or average, especially in a way that is bad

ABNORMALLY (adv)

ABSENCE (n): when someone is not where they are usually expected to be, not present, not existing

ABSENT (adj): not in the place where you are expected to be, especially at school or work

ABSENTEEISM (n): habitual failure to appear, especially for work or other regular duty

ABSOLUTE (adj): (1) very great or to the largest degree possible; (2)( before noun) used when expressing a strong opinion

ABSOLUTELY (adv): (1) completely; (2) used for adding force to a strong adjective which is not usually used with 'very', or to a verb expressing strong emotion; (3) used as a way of strongly saying 'yes'

ABSTRACT (adj): (1) existing as an idea, feeling or quality, not as a material object; (2) describes an argument or discussion that is general and not based on particular examples

ABSTRACTION (n): in a general way, without real examples

ACADEMIC (adj): (1) relating to schools, colleges and universities, or connected with studying and thinking, not with practical skills (2) describes someone who is clever and enjoys studying

ACADEMICALLY (adv)

ACCESS (n): the method or possibility of approaching a place or person, or the right to use or look at something

ACCESSIBILITY (n): the fact that something can be approached or understood

ACCESSIBLE (adj): (1) able to be reached or easily obtained; (2) easy to understand

ACCIDENT (n): something which happens unexpectedly, and which often damages something or injures someone

ACCIDENTAL (adj): happening by chance

ACCIDENTALLY (adv): occurring unexpectedly, unintentionally, or by chance

ACCOMMODATE (v): to provide with a place to live or to be stored in

ACCOMMODATION (n): a place to live, work, stay, etc. in

ACCOMPANIMENT (n): something that you eat or drink with something else

ACCOMPANY (v): (1) to go with someone or to be provided or exist at the same time as something; (2) to show someone how to get to somewhere; (3) to go with someone to a social event or to an entertainment

ACCOUNT (n): (1) an arrangement with a bank to keep your money there and to allow you to take it out when you need to; (2) a written or spoken description of an event; (3) importance

ACCOUNTABILITY (n): reasons given to satisfy

ACCOUNTABLE (adj): completely responsible for what someone does and must be able to give a satisfactory reason for it

ACCUMULATE (v): (1) to collect a large number of things over a long period of time; (2) to gradually increase in amount

ACCUMULATION (n): collection of a large number of things

ACCURACY (n): the quality of being precise

ACCURATE (adj): correct, exact and without any mistakes

ACCUSATION (n): a statement saying that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal or unkind, or the fact of accusing someone

ACCUSE (v): to say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal or unkind

ACCUSTOMED (adj): (1) familiar with something; (2) usual

ACHE (n): (1) a continuous pain which is unpleasant but not strong; (2) used in combinations with parts of the body to mean a continuous pain in the stated part

ACHIEVABLE (adj): describes a task, etc. that is possible to achieve

ACHIEVE (v): to succeed in finishing something or reaching an aim, especially after a lot of work or effort

ACHIEVEMENT (n): something very good and difficult that you have succeeded in doing

ACKNOWLEDGE (v): to accept, admit or recognize something, or the truth or existence of something

ACKNOWLEDGMENT (n): recognition, acceptance

ACQUIRE (v): (1) to obtain something; (2) to gain through experience

ACQUISITION (n): something acquired or gained

ADAPT (v): to change something to suit different conditions or uses

ADAPTABILITY (n)

ADAPTABLE (adj): able or willing to change in order to suit different conditions

ADAPTATION (n): the state of being adapted

ADDRESS (v): to speak or write to someone

ADEQUACY (n)

ADEQUATE (adj): enough or satisfactory for a particular purpose

ADEQUATELY (adv)

ADJUST (v): (1) to change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable; (2) to arrange your clothing to make yourself look tidy

ADJUSTMENT (n): a small change

ADMINISTER (v): to control the operation or arrangement of something; to manage or govern

ADMINISTRATE (v)

ADMINISTRATION (n): the arrangements and tasks needed to control the operation of a plan or organization

ADMINISTRATIVE (adj): relating to the arrangements which are needed to control the operation of a plan or organization

ADMINISTRATOR (n): a person who manages

ADMIRABLE (adj): deserving honor, respect, or admiration

ADMIRATION (n): (1) a feeling of pleasure, wonder, and approval; (2) an object of wonder and esteem; a marvel

ADMIRE (v): (1) to regard with pleasure, wonder, and approval; (2) to have a high opinion of; esteem or respect

ADMISSION (n): (1) the act of admitting, or allowing to enter, acceptance; (2) the feerequired or paid for entering

ADMIT (v): (1) to permit to enter; (2) accept

ADOPT (v): (1) to take into one's family through legal means and raise as one's own child; (2) to take up

ADOPTION (n): approval, acceptance

ADVANCE (v): (1) develop; (2) to aid the growth or progress of

ADVANCED (adj): highly developed or complex

ADVERTISE (v): (1) to make public announcement of, especially to proclaim the qualities or advantages of (a product or business) so as to increase sales; (2) to inquire or seek in a public notice, as in a newspaper

ADVERTISEMENT (n): a notice, such as a poster or a paid announcement in the print, broadcast, or electronic media, designed to attract public attention or patronage

ADVERTISER (n): a person or a company that advertise 

ADVICE (n): opinion about what could or should be done about a situation or problem; counsel; recommendation

ADVISABLE (adj): worthy of being recommended or suggested

ADVISE (v): to offer advice to; counsel; recommend; suggest

ADVISOR (n): (1) one that advises, such as a person or firm that offers official or professional advice to clients; (2) an educator who advises students in academic and personal matters

ADVISORY (adj): (1) empowered to advise; (2) relating to or containing advice, especially a warning

ADVOCATE (v): support; back

AFFAIR (n): (1) an occurrence, event, or matter; (2) a matter of personal concern; (3) a matter causing public scandal

AFFECT (v): (1) influence; (2) impress

AFFORD (v): to have money or time for; to be able to; to have the financial means for; bear the cost of

AFFORDABLE (adj): that can be afforded

AGRICULTURAL (adj): related to farming

AGRICULTURE (n): the practice or work of farming

AHEAD (adv): (1) (directly) in front; (2) in or into the future; (3) in an advanced position

AID (v) (n): help or support

AIM (v): to plan for a specific purpose; intend;

AIM (n): a result that your plans or actions are intended to achieve 

ALIKE (adj): similar; like each other

ALIVE (adj): living; having life; not dead 

ALLOCATE (v): to give (something) as a share of a total amount

ALLOCATION (n): the act or process of giving out parts of a whole, or a part given out in this way

ALOUD (adv): in a voice loud enough to be heard

ALTER (v): to change (a characteristic), often slightly, or to cause this to happen

ALTERNATIVE (n): something that is different, esp. from what is usual; a choice 

ALTERNATIVELY (adv)

AMBIGUITY (n): doubtfulness or uncertainty as regards interpretation

AMBIGUOUS (adj): having or expressing more than one possible meaning; doubtful or uncertain

AMBITION (n): a strong desire for success, achievement, power, or wealth  

AMBITIOUS (adj): full of, characterized by, or motivated by ambition; greatly desirous; eager

AMUSE (v): entertain; make laugh

AMUSING (adj): entertaining or pleasing; arousing laughter

ANALYSIS (n): the process of studying or examining something in an organized way to learn more about it, or a particular study or examination of something

ANALYST (n): one that analyzes

ANALYTICAL (adj): involving the careful, systematic study of something

ANALYTICALLY (adv)

ANALYZE (v): to study (something) in a systematic and careful way

ANALYZER (n): one that analyzes

ANGER (n): a feeling of fierce annoyance because of something unfair or hurtful that has happened

ANNOY (v): to make (someone) slightly angry or upset

ANNOYANCE (n): the act of annoying or the state of being annoyed; a cause of irritation; a nuisance

ANNOYED (adj): disturbed; irritated

ANNOYING (adj): something that is disturbing, irritating

ANNUAL (adj): of or for a period of one year

ANNUALLY (adv): yearly

ANTICIPATE (v): to imagine or expect that (something) will happen; foresee

ANTICIPATION (n): expectation

ANXIETY (n): an uncomfortable feeling of worry about something that is happening or might happen

ANXIOUS (adj): uneasy; concerned; nervous

APART (adv): separated by a distance; away from another or others

APOLOGIZE (v): to tell someone that you are sorry for something that has caused them inconvenience or unhappiness

APOLOGY (n): an act of saying that you are sorry

APPARENT (adj): able to be seen or understood

APPARENTLY (adv): according to what seems to be true or what is likely, based on what you know

APPLAUD (v): to show your enjoyment or approval of (esp. a performance or speech) by clapping your hands repeatedly

APPLAUSE (n): approval expressed especially by the clapping of hands; praise; commendation

APPLICABLE (adj): that can be applied; relevant or appropriate

APPLICANT (n): a person who formally requests something, such as a job or admission to a college or university

APPLICATION (n): (1) the act of applying; a request, as for assistance, employment, or admission to a school; (2) the form or document on which such a request is made

APPLY (v): to request something, usually officially, esp. by writing or by sending in a form

APPOINT (v): to choose (someone) officially for a job or responsibility

APPOINTMENT (n): (1) the act of putting something to a special use or purpose; (2) the form or document on which such a request is made

APPRECIATE (v): to be aware of (something), or to understand that (something) is valuable

APPRECIATION (n): recognition of the quality, value, significance, or magnitude of people and things

APPROACH (v): to come nearer to (something or someone)

APPROACHABLE (adj): possible to approach; accessible

APPROPRIACY (n)

APPROPRIATE (adj): correct or right for a particular situation or occasion; suitable for a particular person, condition, occasion, or place; fitting

APPROPRIATELY (adv)

APPROPRIATENESS (n): suitability

APPROVAL (n): the act or an instance of approving

APPROVE (v): (1) to have a good opinion of someone or something; (2) to accept officially

APPROXIMATE (adj): almost exact

APPROXIMATELY (adv): almost; nearly; about

ARBITRARILY (adv)

ARBITRARINESS (n): disapproving

ARBITRARY (adj): based on a desire or idea or chance rather than reason

AREA (n): (1) place; (2) subject; (3) measure of a flat space or surface

ARISE (v): (1) happen; (2) to get up, esp. from bed after sleeping; (3) ascend

ARREST (v): (of the police) to use lawful authority to catch (someone) and take them to a place where they may be accused of a crime

ARTIFICIAL (adj): made by people, often as a copy of something natural

ARTIFICIALLY (adv)

ASHAMED (adj): feeling bad because you are aware that others know that you or someone connected with you has done something wrong or embarrassing

ASPECT (n): a particular feature of or way of thinking about something, esp. something complicated

ASSEMBLE (v): to bring or come together in a single group or place, or to put together the parts of (something) 

ASSEMBLY (n): (1) a group of people, esp. one gathered together regularly for a particular purpose; (2) the process of putting together the parts of a machine or structure, or the thing produced by this process

ASSESS (v): (1) to form a judgment about (esp. a situation or a person's qualities); (2) to charge (someone) an amount of money as a special payment

ASSESSMENT (n): judgment; evaluation

ASSIGN (v): to give to someone (a job or responsibility), or to decide on (a person) for a particular job or responsibility

ASSIGNMENT (n): a particular job or responsibility given to a person

ASSIST (v): to take action to help (someone) or support (something)

ASSISTANCE (n): aid; help

ASSISTANT (n): a person who helps someone else to do a job or who holds a less important position in an organization

ASSOCIATE (v): to spend time with someone or have some connection with someone or something

ASSOCIATION (n): a group of people united in an organization because of their common interests

ASSUME (v): to pretend to be (someone you are not), or to express (a feeling) falsely

ASSUMPTION (n): an acceptance of something as true without question or proof 

ASSURANCE (n): certainty; sureness

ASSURE (v): to promise or tell something to (someone) confidently or firmly, or to cause (someone) to feel certain by removing doubt

ASTONISH (v): to surprise (someone) very much

ASTONISHMENT (n): great surprise or amazement

ATTACH (v): to fasten or fix (something) in position, esp. in relation to something else

ATTACHMENT (n): (1) a supplementary document that is attached to a primary document; (2) a strong feeling of being emotionally close to someone or something

ATTAIN (v): to achieve (something difficult to do or obtain)

ATTAINABLE (adj): obtainable

ATTEMPT (v): to try to make or do (something) 

ATTEMPT (n): an effort or a try

ATTEND (v): to be at (an event) or go to (a place)

ATTENDANCE (n): (1) the frequency with which a person is present

ATTENDANT (n): (1) someone whose job is to help the public in a particular place; (2) one that accompanies another

ATTENTION (n): when you watch, listen to, or think about something carefully or with interest

ATTITUDE (n): how you think or feel about something and how this makes you behave

ATTRACT (v): (1) to make people come to a place or do a particular thing by being interesting, enjoyable, etc; (2) to cause people to pay attention / be interested; (3) if something attracts a substance or object, it causes it to move towards it

ATTRACTION (n): (1) something that makes people come to a place or want to do a particular thing; (2) when you like someone, especially sexually, because of the way they look or behave

ATTRACTIVE (adj): (1) beautiful or pleasant to look at; (2) interesting or useful

ATTRIBUTE (v): to say that someone wrote, said, or made something

ATTRIBUTE (n): a quality or characteristic that someone or something has

ATTRIBUTION (n): (1) the act of establishing a particular person as the creator of a work of art; (2) something, such as a quality or characteristic that is related to a particular possessor; an attribute

AUDIENCE (n): the spectators or listeners assembled at a performance, or attracted by a radio or television program

AUTHOR (v): the writer of a book, article, or other text

AUTHORITARIAN (adj): characterized by or favoring absolute obedience to authority, as against individual freedom

AUTHORITATIVE (adj): (1) having or arising from authority; official; (2) commanding

AUTHORITY (n): (1) the power to enforce laws, exact obedience, and command, determine, or judge; (2) a person or group having the right and power to command, decide, rule, or judge

AVAILABILITY (n): being available

AVAILABLE (adj): present and ready for use; at hand; accessible

AVERAGE (n): (1) an intermediate level or degree; (2) the usual or ordinary kind or quality

AVOID (v): to stay away from someone or something, or prevent something from happening, or not allow yourself to do something

AVOIDABLE (adj)

AWARE (adj): knowing that something exists, or having knowledge or experience of a particular thing

AWARENESS (n)

AWKWARD (adj): (1) difficult to use, do, or deal with; (2) causing inconvenience, anxiety, or embarrassment

BALANCE (n): (1) a situation in which two opposing forces have or are given the same power; (2) the condition of someone or something in which its weight is equally divided so that it can stay in one position or be under control while moving

BALANCED (adj)

BAND (n): a group of people who have joined together for a special purpose, or a group of animals

BARE (adj): without any clothes or not covered by anything

BARELY (adv): by the smallest amount; only just

BARGAIN (v): to try to reach agreement with someone in order to get a lower price

BARGAIN (n): something sold for a price that is lower than usual or lower than its value

BASE (n): (1) the bottom of an object; the part on which it rests; (2) the place from which a business operates

BASICALLY (adv): fundamentally or essentially

BASIS (n): the most important facts or principles or ideas that support something

BEAR (v): (1) to hold or support (something); (2) to accept (something painful or unpleasant) with determination and strength; (3) produce

BEAT (v): to defeat (a competitor), or to do or be better than (someone or something)

BEAUTY (n): the quality that gives pleasure to the mind or senses and is associated with such properties as harmony of form or color, excellence of artistry, truthfulness, and originality

BEG (v): to ask for money, or to ask (someone) to do something in an urgent way

BEHALF ( n): If something is done in/on behalf of someone or in/on someone's behalf, it is done for that person's benefit or support, or because you are representing the interests of that person

BEND (v): to change the position of your body or a part of your body so that it is no longer straight but curved

BENEFICIAL (adj): tending to help; having a good effect 

BENEFIT (v): to be helpful or useful to

BENEFIT (n): an advantage

BIAS (n): an unfair personal opinion that influences your judgment; prejudice

BIASED (adj): prejudiced

BITTER (adj): (1) showing or causing deep anger and pain; (2) having a slightly stinging, strong taste, not salty or sweet

BLAME (v): to make (someone or something) responsible for something

BLEED (v): to lose blood

BLIND (adj): not able to see

BLINDNESS (n)

BLOOD (n): the red liquid that is sent around the body by the heart and that is necessary for life

BLOODY (adj): (1) covered with blood; (2) causing bloodshed

BOAST (v): to speak too proudly or show too much satisfaction about something or someone connected with you

BOND (n): a close and lasting relationship between people

BORDER (n): (1) the edge; (2) the line or frontier area separating political divisions or geographic regions; a boundary

BOUNDARY (n): an edge or limit of something

BRANCH (n): (1) a part of something larger; (2)  one of the parts of a tree that grows out from the main trunk and has leaves; (3) a division of a business or other organization

BRAVE (adj): showing no fear of dangerous or difficult things; courageous

BRAVERY (n): the condition or quality of being brave; courage

BREADTH (n): the distance from one side of an object to the opposite side, esp. when it is shorter than the distance between the object's other two sides

BREATHE (v): to inhale and exhale air

BRIBE (v): to give someone money or something else of value, often illegally, to persuade them to do something you want

BRIBERY (n): a type of crime in which something, such as money or a favor is offered or given to a person in a position of trust to influence that person's views or conduct

BRIEF (adj): lasting only a short time or containing few words

BRIEFING (n): information that is given to someone just before they do something, or a meeting where information is given

BRIEFLY (adv): for a short time or using few words

BROAD (adj): (1) very wide; (2) including many types of things; general

BROADCAST (v): to send out sound or pictures that are carried over distances using radio waves

BURIAL (n): the act of putting a dead body into the ground, or the ceremony performed when this is done

BURST (v): to break open or apart suddenly, or to cause (something) to break open or apart

BURY (v): to put (a dead body) into the ground

BUTTON (n): (1) a small, usually circular object that is sewn on a shirt, or other piece of clothing, and is used to fasten it; (2) a small object that you press to operate a device or a machine

CALCULATE (v): to judge the amount or value of (something) by using information and esp. numbers

CALCULATION (n)

CALCULATOR (n): an electronic device used for doing mathematical processes such as adding, subtracting, dividing, and multiplying numbers

CAPABILITY (n): the quality of being capable; a talent or ability that has potential for development or use

CAPABLE (adj): having the skill or ability or strength to do something

CAPACITY (n): (1) the ability to do something in particular; (2) the amount that can be held or produced by something 

CATEGORIZATION (n): a way or condition of being arranged

CATEGORIZE (v): to put into a category or categories; classify

CATEGORY (n): a grouping of people or things by type in any systematic arrangement

CAUTION (n): a warning; careful attention

CAUTIOUS (adj): not acting quickly in order to avoid risks; careful

CHALLENGE (n): something needing great mental or physical effort in order to be done successfully, or the situation of facing this kind of effort

CHANNEL (v): to direct (something) into a particular place or situation

CHAPTER (n): (1) any of the separate parts into which a book or other piece of text is divided, usually numbered or given a title; (2) a period that is part of a larger amount of time during which something happens

CHARGE (v): (1) to ask for (a price) for something; (2) take the responsibility for the control/care of something or someone

CHARM (n): a special quality of a person or thing that makes them attractive

CHARMING (adj): giving great pleasure or delight

CHART (n): a way of presenting information, usually by putting it into vertical rows and boxes on a sheet of paper, so that different parts of it can be easily compared

CHEAT (v): to act in a way that is dishonest, or to make (someone) believe something that is not true in order to get something for yourself

CHEER (v): to give a shout of approval or encouragement for (someone)

CHEERFUL (adj): happy and positive in feeling or attitude

CHEMICALS (n): drugs, especially illicit or addictive ones.

CIRCUMSTANCE (n): an event or condition connected with what is happening or has happened

CITATION (n): (1) a quotation; (2) a statement of the accomplishments of one being honored with an academic degree

CITE (v): to mention (something) as proof for a theory or as a reason why something has happened, or to speak or write (words taken from a written work)

CIVIL (adj): of or relating to the ordinary people of a country, rather than members of religious organizations or the military

CIVILIZATION (n): a highly developed culture, including its social organization, government, laws, and arts, or the culture of a social group or country at a particular time

CIVILIZE (v): to make (a society) more highly developed

CIVILIZED (adj): (of a country) having a highly developed society

CLAIM (v): to state that (something) is true or is a fact

CLARIFICATION (n): something that serves to explain or clarify; explanation

CLARIFY (v): to make (something) clearer or easier to understand

CLARITY (n): the quality of being clear and easy to understand, see, or hear

CLASSIFICATI ON (n): a category or class; a way or condition of being arranged

CLASSIFY (v): to divide (things) into groups according to type

CLEAR (adj) understandable; not confusing; certain

CODE (n): (1) rules for the way people should behave, or a set of written rules or laws that tell people what to do; (2) a system for representing information with signs or symbols that are not ordinary language, or the signs or symbols themselves

COHERENCE (n): logical agreement among parts

COHERENT (adj): having its parts related in a reasonable or understandable way

COINCIDE (v): to come together in position or happen at or near the same time

COINCIDENCE (n): an occasion when two or more things happen at the same time, esp. in a way that is unexpected or unlikely, or the unlikely fact of such things happening at the same time

COLLAPSE (v) : (1) to fall down suddenly because of pressure or lack of strength or support; (2) If someone collapses they fall down because they are ill or weak; (3) to fold something into a smaller shape, usually so it can be stored, or (especially of furniture) to fold in this way 

COLLAPSE (n)

COLLEAGUE (n): one of a group of people who work together

COLLECT (v): (1) to gather together from a variety of places or over a period of time; (2) to get and keep things of one type such as stamps or coins as a hobby

COLLECTION (n)

COLLECTIBLE (adj)

COLLECTIVE (adj)

COLLECTOR (n)

COLONIST (n): a supporter of colonialism

COLONIZATION (n)

COLONIZE (v): to send people to live in and govern another country

COLONY (n)

COMBINATION (n): (1) a mixture obtained when two or more things are combined; (2) an arrangement in a different order; (3) a set of letters or numbers in a particular order which can be used to open some types of locks

COMBINE (v): (1) to (cause to) exist together, or join together to make a single thing or group; (2) If someone combines two or more qualities, they possess both of those qualities; (3) to do two activities at the same time

COMMAND (v): (1) to give someone an order; (2) to control someone or something and tell them what to do; (3) to deserve and get something good, such as attention, respect, or a lot of money

COMMAND (n): (1) an order, especially one given by a soldier; (2) control over someone or something and responsibility for them

COMMANDER (n)

COMMENCE (v): to begin something

COMMENCEMENT (n)

COMMENT (n): something that you say or write that expresses your opinion

COMMENT (v): to make a comment

COMMERCE (n): the activities involved in buying and selling things

COMMERCIALISE (v): to organize something to make a profit

COMMERCIAL (adj)

COMMIT (v): (1) to do something illegal or something that is considered wrong; (2) to promise or give your loyalty, time or money to a particular principle, person or plan of action

COMMITMENT (n)

COMMUNICATE (v): (1) to share information with others by speaking, writing, moving your body or using other signals;(2) to talk about your thoughts and feelings, and help other people to understand them; (3) to pass a disease from one person or animal to another

COMMUNICATION (n)

COMMUNICATIVE (adj)

COMPANION (n): person you spend a lot of time with either because you are friends or because you are travelling together

COMPANIONSHIP (n)

COMPATIBILITY (n)

COMPATIBLE (adj): able to exist, live together, or work successfully with something or someone else

COMPENSATE (v): to pay someone money in exchange for something that has been lost or damaged or for some inconvenience

COMPENSATION (n)

COMPETE (v): (1) to try to be more successful than someone or something else; (2) to take part in a race or competition

COMPETITION (n)

COMPETITIVE (adj)

COMPILE (v): to collect information from a variety of places and arrange it in a book, report or list

COMPILATION (n)

COMPLAIN (v): (1) to say that something is wrong or not satisfactory; (2) to tell someone formally that something is wrong

COMPLAINT (n)

COMPLEMENT (v): to make something else seem better or more attractive when combining with it

COMPLEMENTARY (adj)

COMPLETE (v): (1) to finish doing something; (2) to make whole or perfect

COMPLETELY (adv)

COMPLETION (n)

COMPLEX (adj): (1) involving a lot of different but related parts; (2) difficult to understand or find an answer to because of having many different parts

COMPLEXITY (n)

COMPLICATE (v):  to make something more difficult to deal with, do or understand

COMPLICATION (n)

COMPONENT (n): a part which combines with other parts to form something bigger

COMPOSE (v): to produce music, poetry or formal writing

COMPOSER (n)

COMPOSITION (n)

COMPREHENSIVE (adj): complete and including everything that is necessary

COMPRISE (v): to have as parts or members, or to be those parts or members

COMPUTATION (n)

COMPUTE (v): to calculate an answer or amount by using a machine

COMPUTER (n)

CONCENTRATE (v):  to direct your mental powers or your efforts towards a particular activity, subject or problem

CONCENTRATION (n)

CONCEPT (n): a principle or idea

CONCEPTION (n)

CONCEPTUAL (adj)

CONCEPTUALISATION (n)

CONCEPTUALISE (v): to form an idea or principle in your mind

CONCERN (v): to cause anxiety to someone

CONCERN (n)

CONCERNED (adj)

CONCLUDE (v): (1) to end a speech, meeting or piece of writing; (2) to judge or decide something after some consideration

CONCLUSION (n)

CONCLUSIVE (adj)

CONCLUSIVELY (adv)

CONDUCT (v): to organize and perform a particular activity

CONFERENCE (n): an event, sometimes lasting a few days, at which there are a group of talks on a particular subject, or a meeting in which especially business matters are discussed formally

CONFESS (v): to admit that you have done something wrong or something that you feel guilty or bad about

CONFESSION (n)

CONFINE (v): (1) to limit an activity, person or problem in some way; (2) to keep someone in an enclosed place (by force)

CONFINED (adj)

CONFIRM (v): to give certainty to a belief or an opinion which was previously not completely certain

CONFIRMATION (n)

CONFLICT (n): (1) an active disagreement between people with opposing opinions or principles; (2) fighting between two or more groups of people or countries

CONFLICT (v): (1)If beliefs, needs, or facts, etc. conflict, they are very different and cannot easily exist together or both be true; (2) to fight or disagree actively

CONFLICTING (adj)

CONFORM (v): to behave according to the usual standards of behavior which are expected by a group or society

CONFORMITY (n)

CONFUSE (v): (1) to mix up someone's mind or ideas, or to make something difficult to understand; (2) to mix up two separate things or people in your mind, imagining that they are one

CONFUSION (n)

CONGRATULATE (v): to praise someone and say that you approve of or are pleased about a special or unusual achievement

CONGRATULATIONS (n)

CONNECT (v):  to join or be joined with something else

CONNECTION (n)

CONQUER (v): (1) to take control or possession of foreign land, or a group of people, by force; (2) to deal with or successfully fight against a problem or an unreasonable fear

CONQUEROR (n)

CONQUEST (n)

CONSCIOUS (adj): awake, thinking and aware of what is happening around you

CONSCIOUSLY (adv)

CONSCIOUSNESS (n)

CONSENSUS (n): a generally accepted opinion or decision among a group of people

CONSEQUENCE (n): an often bad or inconvenient result of a particular action or situation

CONSEQUENT (adj)

CONSEQUENTLY (adv)

CONSIDER (v): (1) to spend time thinking about a possibility or making a decision; (2) to give attention to a particular subject or fact when judging something else

CONSIDERABLE (adj)

CONSIDERABLY (adv)

CONSIDERATION (n)

CONSIST (of something) (phrasal v): to be made of or formed from something

CONSÄ°ST (in something) (phrasal v): to have something as a major and essential part or quality

CONSISTENCY (n): (1) the physical nature of a substance, especially a thick liquid, for example by being thick or thin, smooth or lumpy; (2) when someone always behaves or performs in a similar way, or when something always happens in a similar way

CONSISTENT (adj)

CONSISTENTLY (adv)

CONSTANT (adj): staying the same, or not getting less or more

CONSTANTLY (adv)

CONSTITUTE (v): (1) to form or make something; (2) to be or be considered as something

CONSTITUTION (n)

CONSTRAIN (v): to control and limit something

CONSTRAINT (n)

CONSTRUCT (v): to build something or put together different parts to form something whole

CONSTRUCTION (n)

CONSTRUCTIVE (adj)

CONSULT (v): (1) to get information or advice from a person, book, etc. with special knowledge on a particular subject; (2) to discuss something with someone before you make a decision

CONSULTANT (n)

CONSULTATION (n)

CONSUME (v): (1) to use fuel, energy or time, especially in large amounts; (2)  to eat or drink, especially a lot of something

CONSUMER (n)

CONSUMPTION (n)

CONTACT (n): (1) communication with someone, especially by speaking or writing to them regularly; (2) when two people or things touch each other; (3) a person, especially in a high position, who can give you useful information or introductions which will help you at work or socially; (4) a part in a circuit which completes the circuit when it touches another part

CONTACT (v): to communicate with someone by telephoning them or sending them a letter, email, etc

CONTEMPORARY (adj): (1) existing or happening now; (2) belonging to the same or a stated period in the past

CONTENT (n): the ideas that are contained in a piece of writing, a speech or a film

CONTENT (v): to make someone content

CONTENT (adj): pleased with your situation and not hoping for change or improvement 

CONTENTED (adj)

CONTEXT (n): the situation within which something exists or happens, and that can help explain it

CONTEXTUAL (adj)

CONTEXTUALISE (v): to consider something in its context

CONTRACT (n): a legal document that states and explains a formal agreement between two different people or groups, or the agreement itself

CONTRACT (v): to make a legal agreement with someone to do work or to have work done for you

CONTRACTOR (n)

CONTRADICT (v): to state the opposite of what someone else has said, or (of one fact or statement) to be so different from another fact or statement that one of them must be wrong

CONTRADICTING (adj)

CONTRADICTION (n)

CONTRADICTORY (adj)

CONTRARILY (adv) oppositely

CONTRARY (adj): opposite

CONTRAST (n): an obvious difference between two or more things

CONTRASTIVE (adj)

CONTRIBUTE (v): (1) to give something, especially money, in order to provide or achieve something together with other people; (2) to write articles for a newspaper, magazine or book

CONTRIBUTION (n)

CONTRIBUTOR (n)

CONTROVERSIAL (adj): causing disagreement or discussion

CONTROVERSY (n): a lot of disagreement or argument about something, usually because it is important to many people

CONVENIENT (adj): (1) suitable for your purposes and needs and causing the least difficulty; (2) easy to get to or use

CONVENTION (n): (1) a usual or accepted way of behaving, especially in social situations, often following an old way of thinking or a custom in one particular society; (2) a common way of showing something in art or writing; (3) a large formal meeting of people who do a particular job or have a similar interest, or a large meeting for a political party

CONVENTIONAL (adj)

CONVERSION (n): (1) when someone or something is converted; (2) a place for living in that has been changed from its previous use

CONVERT (v): to (cause something or someone to) change in form, character or opinion

CONVERTIBLE adj)

CONVINCE (v): to persuade someone or make them certain

CONVINCED (adj)

CONVINCING (adj)

COOPERATE (v): to act or work together for a particular purpose, or to help someone willingly when help is requested

COOPERATION (n)

COOPERATIVE (adj)

COORDINATE (v): (1) to make various different things work effectively as a whole; (2) to match; to look attractive together

COORDINATION (n)

COPPER (n): a reddish brown metal used especially for making wire and coins, or the reddish brown colour of this metal

CORNER (n): (1) the point, area or line which is formed by the meeting of two lines, surfaces, roads, etc; (2) a kick in football or a shot in hockey that is taken from the corner of the playing area

CORPORATE (adj): (1) relating to a large company; (2) of or shared by a whole group and not just of a single member

CORPORATION (n)

CORRESPOND (v): (1) to match or be similar or equal; (2) to communicate by writing a letter or sending an email

CORRESPONDENCE (n)

COSTLY (adj): expensive

COUGH (v): (1) to force air out of your lungs through your throat with a short loud sound; (2) to make a sound like a cough

COUGH (n)

COURAGE (n): the ability to control your fear in a dangerous or difficult situation

COURAGEOUS (adj)

COWARD (n): a person who is too eager to avoid danger, difficulty or pain

COWARDICE (n)

CRASH (v): (1)to have an accident, especially one which damages a vehicle; (2) to hit something, often making a loud noise or causing damage; (3) If a computer or system crashes, it suddenly stops operating

CRIME (n): (1) illegal activities; (2) an illegal act

CRIMINAL (n)

CRITERION (n): a standard by which you judge, decide about or deal with something

CRITIC (n): (1) someone who says that they do not approve of someone or something; (2) someone whose job is to give their opinion about something, especially films, books, music, etc

CRITICAL (adj)

CRITICALLY (adv)

CROP (n): (1) (the total amount gathered of) a plant such as a grain, fruit or vegetable grown in large amounts

CROP (v): (1) If a plant crops, it produces fruit, flowers, etc; (2) to make something shorter or smaller, especially by cutting

CRUCIAL (adj): extremely important or necessary

CRUCIALLY (adv)

CRUEL (adj): (1) extremely unkind and unpleasant and causing pain to people or animals intentionally; (2) causing suffering

CRUELTY (n)

CRUSH (v): (1) to press something very hard so that it is broken or its shape is destroyed; (2) to press paper or cloth so that it becomes full of irregular folds and is no longer flat; (3) to defeat someone completely

CULTIVATE (v): (1) to prepare land and grow crops on it, or to grow a particular crop; (2) to try to develop and improve something; (3) If you cultivate a relationship, you make a special effort to establish and develop it, because you think it might be useful to you

CULTIVATION (n)

CULTURAL (adj): (1) relating to the habits, traditions and beliefs of a society; (2) relating to music, art, theatre, literature, etc

CURABLE (adj): describes a disease that can be cured

CURE (v): (1) to make someone with an illness healthy again; (2) to solve a problem

CURE (n)

CURIOSITY (n):  (1) an eager desire to know or learn about something; (2) something that is interesting because it is rare and unusual

CURIOUS (adj)

CURRENCY (n): (1) the money that is used in a particular country at a particular time; (2) the state of being commonly known or accepted, or of being used in many places

CURSE (v): to say a word or an expression to show that you are very angry and that you wish bad luck for someone

CURSE (n)

CUSTOMARY (adj)

CUSTOMS (n): a way of behaving or a belief which has been established for a long time

CYCLE (n): (1) a bicycle; (2) a group of events which happen in a particular order, one following the other, and which are often repeated; (3) one in a series of movements that a machine performs

CYCLE (v): to ride a bicycle

DARE (v): to be brave enough to do something difficult or dangerous, or to be rude or foolish enough to do something that you have no right to do

DATA (n): information, especially facts or numbers, collected for examination and consideration and used to help decision-making, or information in an electronic form that can be stored and processed by a computer

DEAF (adj): unable to hear, either completely or partly

DEAFNESS (n)

DEAL (v): to do business

DAEL (n)

DEALER (n)

DEBATABLE (adj): not clear, not certain, not fixed; possibly not true

DEBATE (n): serious discussion of a subject in which many people take part

DEBATE (v): (1) to discuss a subject in a formal way; (2) to try to make a decision about something

DEBT (n): something, especially money, which is owed to someone else, or the state of owing something

DECADE (n): a period of ten years, especially a period such as 1860 to 1869, or 1990 to 1999

DECAY (v): to (cause something to) become gradually damaged, worse or less

DECEIVE (v): to persuade someone that something false is the truth; to keep the truth hidden from someone for your own advantage; to trick

DECEPTION (n)

DECLARATION (n): an announcement, often one that is written and official

DECLARE (v): (1) to announce something clearly, firmly, publicly or officially; (2) to officially tell someone the value of goods you have bought, or the amount of money you have earned because you might have to pay tax

DECLINE (v): (1) to gradually become less, worse, or lower; (2) to refuse

DECREASE (v): to become less, or to make something become less

DEDUCE (v): to reach an answer or a decision by thinking carefully about the known facts

DEDUCTION (n)

DEEP (adj) (adv): going or being a long way down from the top or surface, or being of a particular distance from the top to the bottom

DEEPEN (v): to make something deeper, or to become deeper

DEEPLY (adv)

DEFEAT (v): (1) to win a victory over someone in a fight, war or competition; (2) to cause someone or something to fail

DEFENCE  (n): (1) (a) protection or support against attack, criticism or infection; (2) (an) argument or explanation which you use to prove that you are not guilty of something; (3) in some sports, the part of a team which tries to prevent the other team from scoring goals or points

DEFEND (v): (1) to protect someone or something against attack or criticism; (2) to try to prevent the opposing player or players from scoring points, goals, etc. in a sport

DEFENDER (n)

DEFINABLE (adj): a statement that explains the meaning of a word or phrase

DEFINE (v): (1) to say what the meaning of something, especially a word, is; (2) to explain and state the meaning and exact limits of something

DEFINITE (adj): fixed, certain or clear

DEFINITELY (adv)

DEFINITION (n): (1) a statement that explains the meaning of a word or phrase; (2) a description of the features and limits of something

DELAY (v): (1) to make something happen at a later time than originally planned or expected; (2) to cause someone or something to be slow or late; (3) to not act quickly or immediately

DELICATE (adj): (1) needing careful treatment, especially because easily damaged; (2) a situation or matter, etc. that needs to be dealt with carefully in order to avoid trouble or offence

DELICATELY (adv)

DELIGHT (n): (something or someone that gives) great pleasure, satisfaction or happiness

DELIGHTFUL (adj)

DEMAND (v): (1) to ask for something forcefully, in a way that shows that a refusal is not expected; (2) to need something such as time, effort, or a particular quality

DEMAND (n)

DEMANDING (adj)

DEMONSTRATE (v): (1) to show; to make clear; (2) to show something and explain how it works; (3) to express or show that you have a particular feeling, quality or ability

DEMONSTRATION (n)

DENIABLE (adj): possible to deny

DENIAL (n): a statement that something is not true

DENY (v): to say that something is not true

DEPRESS (v): to cause someone to feel unhappy and without hope for the future

DEPRESSED (adj)

DEPRESSING (adj)

DEPRESSION (n)

DEPTH (n): the distance down either from the top of something to the bottom, or to a distance below the top surface of something

DERIVATION (n): the origin of something, such as a word, from which another form has developed, or the new form itself

DERIVE (v) to come from something

DESCEND (v): to go or come down

DESCRIBE (v): (1) to say or write what someone or something is like; (2) If you describe a shape, you draw it or move in a direction that follows the line of it

DESCRIPTION (n)

DESCRIPTIVE (adj)

DESERVE (v): to have earned or to be given something because of the way you have behaved or the qualities you have

DESIGN (v): (1) to make or draw plans for something, for example clothes or buildings; (2) to intend

DESIGNER (n)

DESIRABLE (adj): worth having and wanted by most people

DESIRE (v): to want something, especially strongly

DESIRE (n)

DESTROY (v): (1) to damage something so badly that it does not exist or cannot be used; (2) to kill an animal because it is ill, in pain or dangerous

DESTRUCTION (n)

DESTRUCTIVE (adj)

DETECT (v): (1) to notice something that is partly hidden or not clear or to discover something, especially using a special method; (2) to discover something, usually using special equipment

DETECTABLE (adj)

DETECTION (n)

DETECTIVE (n): (1) someone whose job is to discover information about crimes and find out who is responsible for them; (2) used as part of the title of particular ranks in the police force

DETECTOR (n)

DETERMINATION (n): (1) the process of controlling, influencing or deciding something; (2) the process of finding something out

DETERMINE (v): (1) to control or influence something directly, or to decide what will happen; (2) to discover the facts or truth about something

DETERMINED (adj): wanting to do something very much and not letting anyone or any difficulties stop you

DEVIATE (v): (1) to do something which is different from the usual or common way of behaving; (2) to go in a different direction

DEVIATION (n)

DEVICE (n): (1) an object or machine which has been invented to fulfill a particular purpose; (2) a method which is used to produce a desired effect

DEVOTE (v): (1) to give all of something, especially your time, effort or love, or yourself, to something you believe in or to a person; (2) [often passive] to use a space, area, time, etc. for a particular purpose

DEVOTED (adj)

DEVOTION (n)

DIFFER (v): (1) to be not like something or someone else, either physically or in another way; (2) to disagree

DIFFERENCE (n)

DIFFERENT (adj)

DIFFERENTIATE (v): (1) to show or find the difference between things which are compared; (2) to make someone or something different

DIFFERENTIATION (n)

DIG (v): (1) to break up and move earth using a tool, a machine or your hands; (2) to form a hole by moving earth

DIMENSION (n): (1) a measurement of something in a particular direction, especially its height, length or width; (2) a part or feature or way of considering something

DIMENSIONAL (suffix)

DINE (v): to eat the main meal of the day, usually in the evening

DINNER (n)

DISAPPOINT (v): to fail to satisfy someone or their hopes, desires, etc.; to cause someone to feel unhappy

DISAPPOINTING (adj)

DISAPPOINTMENT (n)

DISCIPLINARY (ady)

DISCIPLINE (n): (1) training which produces obedience or self-control, often in the form of rules, and punishments if these are broken, or the obedience or self-control produced by this training; (2) the ability to control yourself or other people, even in difficult situations

DISCONTENT (n): a feeling of wanting better treatment or an improved situation

DISCRIMINATE (v): to treat a person or particular group of people differently, especially in a worse way from the way in which you treat other people, because of their skin colour, religion, sex, etc

DISCRIMINATION (n)

DISMISS (v): (1) to decide that something or someone is not important and not worth considering; (2) to remove someone from their job, especially because they have done something wrong; (3) to formally ask or order someone to leave

DISPLACE (v):  to force something or someone out of its usual or original position

DISPLACEMENT (n)

DISPLACED (adj)

DISPLAY (v): to show a feeling

DISPLAY (n)

DISPOSABLE (adj):  describes an item that is intended to be thrown away after use

DISPOSABLE (n): a disposable product

DISPOSE (v): to make someone feel a particular way towards someone or something

DISRESPECT (n): lack of respect

DISRESPECTFUL (adj) a person who behaves without respect

DISRESPECTFULLY (adv)

DISTANCE (n): the amount of space between two places

DISTANT (adj): far away

DISTINCT (adj): clearly separate and different from something else

DISTINCTION (n): a difference between two similar things

DISTINCTIVE (adj): Something that is distinctive is easy to recognize because it is different from other things

DISTINCTLY (adv): noticeably

DISTINGUISH (v): to notice or understand the difference between two things, or to make one person or thing seem different from another

DISTINGUISHED (adj)

DISTINGUISHING (adj)

DISTORT (v): to change something from its usual, original, natural or intended meaning, condition or shape

DISTORTED (adj)

DISTORTION (n)

DISTRIBUTE (v): to give something out to several people, or to spread or supply something

DISTRIBUTION (n)

DISTRIBUTOR (n)

DISTURB (v): (1) to interrupt what someone is doing (2) to irritate others

DISTURBANCE (n)

DIVE (v) :  (1) to jump into water, especially with your head and arms going in first, or to move down under the water (2) to go down very quickly

DIVER (n)

DIVERSE (adj): varied or different

DIVERSITY (n) :  when many different types of things or people are included in something

DIVIDE (v) : to separate something into parts or groups

DIVISION (n)

DOMAIN (adj) : an area of interest or an area over which a person has control

DOMESTIC (adj) : belonging or relating to the home, house, family or country

DOMINANCE (n) :  the state of being more important, strong or noticeable than anything else of the same type

DOMINANT (adj) : more important, strong or noticeable than anything else of the same type

DOMINATE (v) : to have control over a place or a person, or to be the most important person or thing

DOMINATION (n)

DOUBLE (adj) : twice the size, amount, price, etc., or consisting of two similar things together

DOUBT (v): to not feel certain or confident about something or to think that something is not probable

DOUBT (n)

DOUBTFUL (adj)

DOUBTLESS (adj)

DRAFT (n): a piece of text, a formal suggestion or a drawing in its original state, often containing the main ideas and intentions but not the developed form

DRAG (v): to move something by pulling it along a surface, usually the ground

DRAMA (n): an event or situation, especially an unexpected one, in which there is anxiety or excitement and usually a lot of action

DRAMATIC (adj): (1) important (2) very sudden or noticeable, or full of action and excitement

DRAMATICALLY (adv): significantly

DRAMATIZE (v):  If someone dramatizes a report of what has happened to them, they make the story seem more exciting, important or dangerous than it really is

DROWN (v): to die by being unable to breathe under water

DULL (adj): boring or not bright

DURATION (n): the length of time that something lasts

DUTY (n): responsibility

DYNAMIC (adj): having a lot of ideas and enthusiasm; energetic and forceful

EAGER (adj): wanting very much to do or have something, especially something interesting or enjoyable

EASE (v): to make or become less severe, difficult, unpleasant, painful, etc

EASY (adj)

ECONOMIC (adj): making a profit, or likely to make a profit

ECONOMICAL (adj): not using a lot of fuel, money, etc

ECONOMY (n): the intentional saving of money or, less commonly, the saving of time, energy, words, etc

EDGE (n): (1) the outer or furthest point of something (2) the point just before something very different and noticeable happens

EDIT (v): to prepare a text or film for printing or viewing by correcting mistakes and deciding what will be removed and what will be kept in

EDUCATE (v): to teach someone, especially using the formal system of school, college or university

EDUCATED (adj)

EDUCATION (n)

EDUCATIONAL (adj)

EDUCATOR (n)

EFFECT (n): influence

EFFECTIVE (adj): (1) influencing (2) successful or achieving the results that you want

EFFICIENCY (n):  using time and energy well, without wasting any

EFFICIENT (adj): working or operating quickly and effectively in an organized way

ELDER (n): old people

ELDERLY (adj): old

ELEMENT (n) substance

ELIMINATE (v): to remove or take away

ELIMINATION (n)

EMERGE (v): to appear by coming out of something or out from behind something

EMERGENCE (n)

EMPHASIS (n): the particular importance or attention that you give to something

EMPHASISE (v): to show or state that something is particularly important or worth giving attention to

EMPHATIC (adj): done or said in a strong way and without any doubt

EMPHATICALLY (adv)

EMPIRICAL (adj): based on what is experienced or seen rather than on theory

EMPLOY (v): to have someone work or do a job for you and pay them for it

EMPLOYED (adj)

EMPLOYEE (n)

EMPLOYER (n)

EMPLOYMENT (n)

ENABLE (v): to make someone able to do something, or to make something possible

ENCLOSE (v): to surround

ENCLOSED (adj)

ENCLOSURE (n)

ENCOUNTER (v): to experience, especially something unpleasant

ENCOURAGE (v): (1) to make someone more likely to do something, or to make something more likely to happen (2) to talk or behave in a way that gives someone confidence to do something

ENCOURAGEMENT (n)

ENCOURAGING (adj)

ENERGETIC (adj): having or involving a lot of energy

ENFORCE (v):  to make people obey a law, or to make a particular situation happen or be accepted

ENFORCEMENT (n)

ENGINE (n): a machine that uses the energy from liquid fuel or steam to produce movement

ENGINEER (n): a person whose job is to design or build machines, engines or electrical equipment, or things such as roads, railways or bridges, using scientific principles

ENGINEERING (n): the work of an engineer, or the study of this work

ENHANCE (v) : to improve the quality, amount or strength of something

ENHANCEMENT (n)

ENORMOUS (adj) : hugeor very big

ENQUIRE (v): to ask for information

ENQUIRY (n)

ENSURE (v) : to make something certain to happen

ENTER (v) : to go inside

ENTERTAI N (v) : to keep a group of people interested or amused

ENTERTAINMENT (n)

ENTIRE (adj) : whole or complete, with nothing missing

ENTIRELY (adv)

ENTRY (n) : a door, gate, etc. by which you enter a place

ENVIOUS (adj) : wishing you had what another person has

ENVIRONMENT (n) : the air, water and land in or on which people, animals and plants live

ENVIRONMENTAL (adj) : relating to the environment

ENVY (v): to wish that you had something that another person has

EQUAL (adj): the same in amount, number or size, or the same in importance and deserving the same treatment

EQUALITY (n): the right of different groups of people to have a similar social position and receive the same treatment

EQUIP (v): to provide a person or a place with objects that are necessary for a particular purpose

EQUIPMENT (n)

EQUIVALENCE (n): something that has the same amount, value, purpose, qualities, etc

EQUIVALENT (adj): having the same amount, value, purpose, qualities, etc

ERODE (v): (1) to rub or be rubbed away gradually (2) to slowly reduce or destroy

EROSION (n)

ERROR (n): mistake

ESSENTIAL (adj): necessary, vital

ESSENTIALLY (adv)

ESTABLISH (v): to start a company or organization that will continue for a long time

ESTABLISHMENT (n)

ESTIMATE (v): to guess the cost, size, value, etc. of something

ESTIMATION (n)

ETHIC (n): a system of accepted beliefs which control behaviour, especially such a system based on morals

ETHICAL (adj): moral, principled

ETHNIC (adj): of a national or racial group of people

ETHNICITY (n) belonging to a particular national or racial group

EVALUATE (v): to judge or calculate the quality, importance, amount or value of something

EVALUATION (n)

EVALUATIVE (adj)

EVENTUAL (adj): happening or existing at a later time or at the end, especially after a lot of effort, problems, etc

EVENTUALLY (adv): in the end, especially after a long time or a lot of effort, problems, etc

EVIDENCE (n): proof, one or more reasons for believing that something is or is not true

EVIDENT (adj): easily seen or understood; obvious

EVIDENTLY (adv)

EVOLUTION (n): the way in which living things change and develop over millions of years, or a gradual process of change and development

EVOLUTIONARY (adj): developing gradually

EVOLVE (v): to develop gradually, or to cause something or someone to develop gradually

EXAMINATION (n): a test of a student's knowledge or skill in a particular subject which results in a qualification if the student is successful

EXAMINE (v): to test someone's knowledge or skill in a particular subject

EXCEED (v): to be greater than a number or amount, or to go beyond a permitted limit

EXCELLENCE (n): the quality of being excellent

EXCELLENT (adj) :  extremely good

EXCESS (n): an amount which is more than acceptable, expected or reasonable

EXCESSIVE (adj) : too much

EXCLUDE (v) : to keep out or omit something or someone

EXCLUSION (n)

EXCLUSIVE (adj)

EXHIBIT (v) : to show something publicly

EXHIBITION (n)

EXIST (v) : to be, or to be real

EXISTENCE (n)

EXISTENT (adj) 

EXPAND (v) : to increase in size, number or importance, or to make something increase in this way

EXPANSION (n)

EXPECT (v) : to think or believe something will happen, or someone will arrive

EXPECTATION (n)

EXPENSE (n) : something which causes you to spend money

EXPENSIVE (adj) : costing a lot of money

EXPERIMENT (n) : a test done in order to learn something or to discover whether something works or is true

EXPERIMENTAL (adj) : relating to tests, especially scientific ones

EXPERIMENTATION (n) 

EXPERT (n) : a person with a high level of knowledge or skill; a specialist

EXPERTISE (n): a high level of knowledge or skill

EXPLAIN (v): to make something clear or easy to understand by describing or giving information about it

EXPLANATION (n)

EXPLANATORY (adj)

EXPLICIT (adj): clear and exact

EXPLICITLY (adv) 

EXPLODE (v): to (cause to) burst violently

EXPLOSION (n)

EXPLOSIVE (adj)

EXPLOIT (v): to use something for advantage

EXPLOITATION (n)

EXPLORATION (n): a search to discover

EXPLORE (v): to search and discover

EXPLORER (n)

EXPORT (v): to send goods to another country for sale

EXPOSE (v): to experience something or be affected by it because they are in a particular situation or place

EXPOSURE (n)

EXTEND (v): to (cause something to) reach, stretch or continue; to add to something in order to make it bigger or longer

EXTENSION (n)

EXTENSIVE (adj)

EXTENT (n): area or length; amount

EXTERNAL (adj): of, on, for or coming from the outside

EXTRACT (v): to remove or take out something

EXTRAORDINARY (adj): unusual, different from others

EXTREME (adj): very large in amount or degree

FACE (v): (1) If you face a problem, or a problem faces you, you have to deal with it (2) to accept that something unpleasant is true and start to deal with the situation

FACILITATE (v): to make possible or easier

FACILITATION (n)

FACILITATOR (n)

FACILITY (n)

FACT (n): something which is known to have happened or to exist, especially something for which proof exists, or about which there is information

FACTOR (n): feature, characteristic, or reason

FACTUAL (adj): using or consisting of facts

FADE (v): to (cause to) lose colour, brightness or strength gradually

FAINT (v): to suddenly become unconscious for a short time, usually falling down

FAIR (adj): treating someone in a way that is right or reasonable, or treating a group of people equally and not allowing personal opinions to influence your judgment

FAIRLY (adv): If you do something fairly, you do it in a way which is right and reasonable and treats people equally

FAITH (n): great trust or confidence in something or someone

FAITHFUL (n): someone who continues to support someone or something loyally

FAITHFULLY (adv)

FAMILIAR (adj): easy to recognize because of being seen, met, heard, etc. before

FAMILIARITY (n): a good knowledge of something, or the fact that you know it so well

FATE (n): what happens to a particular person or thing, especially something final or negative, such as death or defeat

FAULT (n): a mistake, especially something for which you are to blame

FAULTY (adj): A faulty machine or device is not perfectly made or does not work correctly

FAVOUR (v): to support or prefer one particular possibility

FAVOURABLE (adj)

FEAR (v): to be frightened of something or someone unpleasant

FEARFUL (adj)

FEAST (n): a special meal with very good food or a large meal for many people

FEATURE (n): a typical quality or an important part of something

FEDERAL (adj): relating to the central government, and not to the government of a region, of some countries such as the United States

FEE (n): an amount of money paid for a particular piece of work or for a particular right or service

FEVER (n): a medical condition in which the body temperature is higher than usual and the heart beats very fast

FIERCE (adj): (1) physically violent and frightening (2) showing strong feeling or energetic activity

FILE (v): to store information in a careful and particular way

FINAL (adj): last

FINALISE (v): to make a final and certain decision about a plan, date, etc

FINALLY (adv)

FINANCE (n): (the management of) a supply of money

FINANCIAL (adj): relating to money or how money is managed

FINITE (adj): having a limit or end

FIRM (adj): strong and tight

FIRMLY (adv): strongly

FLAME (n): burning gas (from something on fire) which produces usually yellow light

FLEXIBILITY (n): the state of being able to change or be changed easily according to the situation

FLEXIBLE (adj): able to change or be changed easily according to the situation

FLOAT (v): to stay on the surface of a liquid and not sink

FLOOD (v): to cause to fill or become covered with water, especially in a way that causes problems

FLOW (v): (especially of liquids, gases or electricity) to move in one direction, especially continuously and easily

FLUCTUATE (v): to change or vary, especially continuously and between one level or thing and another

FLUCTUATION (n)

FOCUS (v): (1) to look directly at an object so that you can see it more clearly (2) to concentrate

FOLD (v): to bend something, especially paper or cloth, so that one part of it lies on the other part, or to be able to be bent in this way

FOND (adj): having a great liking for someone or something

FOOL (n): a person who behaves in a silly way without thinking

FOOLISH (adj): unwise, ridiculous or lacking in judgment

FORBID (v): to refuse to allow something, especially officially, or to prevent a particular plan of action by making it impossible

FORBIDDEN (adj)

FORCE (v): to express opinions strongly and demand attention or action

FORCEFUL (adj)

FORGIVE (v): to stop blaming or being angry with someone for something they have done, or not punish them for something

FORMAT (n): a pattern, plan or arrangement

FORMER (adj): of or in an earlier time; before the present time or in the past

FORMERLY (adv): in the past

FORMULATE (v): to develop all the details of a plan for doing something

FORMULATION (n)

FORTUNATE (adj): lucky

FORTUNATELY (adv): luckily or by chance

FORTUNE (n): (1) a large amount of money, goods, property, etc (2) chance

FOUNDATION (n): an organization that has been established in order to provide money for a particular group of people in need of help or for a particular type of study

FOUNDED (adj): established

FOUNDER (n): someone who establishes an organization

FRAMEWORK (n): a system of rules, ideas or beliefs that is used to plan or decide something

FREEZE (v): If you freeze something, you lower its temperature below 0°C, causing it to become cold and often hard, and if something freezes, its temperature goes below 0°C

FREQUENCY (n) the number of times something happens within a particular period, or the fact of something happening often or a large number or times

FREQUENT (adj): happening often; common

FREQUENTLY (adv): often

FUNCTION (n): the natural purpose (of something) or the duty (of a person)

FUNCTIONAL (adj): designed to be practical and useful rather than attractive

FUND (n): a sum of money saved, collected or provided for a particular purpose

FUNDAMENTAL (adj): forming the base, from which everything else originates; more important than anything else

FUR (n): the thick hair that covers the bodies of some animals, or the hair-covered skin(s) of animals, removed from their bodies

GAIN (v): to obtain something that is useful, that gives you an advantage, or that is in some way positive, especially over a period of time

GATHER (v): to get together

GENDER (n): the physical and/or social condition of being male or female

GENERAL (adj): involving or relating to most or all people, things or places, especially when these are considered as a unit

GENERALIZATION (n): saying something very basic, based on limited facts, that is partly or sometimes true, but not always

GENERALIZE (v) to say something very basic, based on limited facts, that is partly or sometimes true, but not always

GENERATE (v): to cause something to exist

GENERATION (n)

GENEROSITY (n): the state of being willing to give money, help, kindness, etc., especially more than is usual or expected

GENEROUS (adj): willing to give money, help, kindness, etc., especially more than is usual or expected

GIFT (n): (1) present (2) a special ability to do something

GIFTED (adj): having special ability in a particular subject or activity

GLOBAL (adj): relating to the whole world

GLOBALISATION (n): the increase of trade around the world, especially by large companies producing and trading goods in many different countries

GLOBE (n): the world

GLORIOUS (adj): (1) magnificent, wonderful; (2) famous; (3) having great beauty

GLORY (n): (1) beauty; (2) honor

GOAL (n): aim, objective, purpose

GOVERN (v): (1) to rule over by right of authority; (2) to have a directing influence over

GOVERNMENT (n)

GOVERNMENTAL (adj)

GOVERNOR (n)

GRACEFUL (adj): elegant, charming

GRACE (n): elegance, charm

GRADUALLY (adv): (1) slowly; (2) progressively; (3) regularly

GRAVE (n): tomb

GREED (n): excessive or rapacious desire, esp. for wealth or possessions

GREEDY (adj): excessively desirous of wealth

GUARANTEE (v): to secure, as by giving or taking security

GUIDELINE (n): rule, principle, instruction

GUILT (n): a feeling of responsibility or remorse for some offense, crime, wrong, etc., whether real or imagined

GUILTY (adj): characterized by, connected with, or involving guilt

HANDLE (v): (1) to manage, direct, train, or control; (2) deal with

HANG (v):  to attach or suspend so as to allow free movement

HARD (adj): (1) not soft, firm ; (2) difficult

HARDEN (v.): (1) to make hard or harder; (2) to make pitiless or unfeeling

HARVEST (v): (1) to gather crop, reap; (2) to gain, win, acquire, or use (a prize, product, or result of any past act, process, plan, etc.)

HEAD (v): (1) to lead; (2) to show the way; (3) to be superior to

HEADING (n)

HESITATE (v): to be reluctant or wait to act because of fear, indecision, or disinclination

HESITATION (n)

HIDE (v): (1) conceal; (2) cover

HIERARCHY (n): any system of persons or things ranked one above another

HIGHLIGHT (v): emphasize, stress

HINDER (v): obstruct

HINDRANCE (n)

HOLINESS (n): the quality or state of being holy; sanctity

HOLY (adj): sacred, divine

HONORARY (adj): given for honor only, without the usual requirements, duties, privileges, emoluments, etc.:

HONOR (n): (1) honesty, fairness, or integrity in one's beliefs and actions; (2) high respect

HONORABLE (adj): praiseworthy

HONORABLY (adv): with honor, respectably

HORIZON (n): (1) the line or circle that forms the apparent boundary between earth and sky; (2) the limit or range of perception, knowledge, or the like

HOST (n): a person who receives or entertains guests at home or elsewhere: the host at a theater party

HUMBLE (adj): modest

HUMBLY (adv): modestly

HYPOTHESIS (n): theory, suggestion, guess

HYPOTHESIZE (v): to form a hypothesis

HYPOTHETICAL (adj): theoretical, highly conjectural

IDEAL (adj): model

IDEALLY (adv): preferably

IDENTICAL (adj): very similar or alike in every way

IDENTIFIABLE (adj): easy to distinguish or determine

IDENTIFICATION (n): (1) an act or instance of identifying; the state of being identified; (2) something that identifies a person, animal, or thing: He carries his identification with him at all times. 

IDENTIFY (v): to recognize or establish as being a particular person or thing; verify the idetity of

IDENTITY (n): the condition of being oneself or itself, and not another

IDEOLOGICAL (adj): of or pertaining to or characteristic of an orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group or nation 

IDEOLOGY (n): the body of doctrine, myth, belief, etc., that guides an individual, social movement, institution, or large group

IDLE (adj): inactive

IGNORANCE (n): the condition of being uneducated, unaware, or uninformed

IGNORANT (adj): lacking in knowledge or training; unlearned

IGNORE (v): to refuse to pay attention to; disregard

ILLEGAL (adj): forbidden by law or statute

ILLUSTRATE (v): exemplify, show, demonstrate

ILLUSTRATION (n): a comparison or an example intended for explanation or corroboration

IMAGE (n): (1) a mental representation; idea; conception; (2) a symbol; emblem

IMAGINARY (adj): unreal

IMAGINATION (n): the faculty of forming mental images or concepts of what are not actually present to the senses. 

IMAGINATIVE (adj):  characterized by or bearing evidence of imagination

IMAGINE (v): (1) to form a mental image of (something not actually present to the senses); (2) to think, believe, or fancy

IMITATE (v): to make a copy of; reproduce closely

IMITATION (n)

IMEMDIATE (adj): (1) instantaneous; (2) close, proximate

IMMEDIATELY (adj): without lapse of time; without delay; instantly; at once

IMMENSE (adj): (1) vast; huge; very great: an immense territory; (2) immeasurable; boundless

IMMENSELY (adv): vastly

IMMIGRANT (n):  a person who migrates to another country, usually for permanent residence

IMMIGRATE (v):  to come to a country of which one is not a native, usually for permanent residence

IMMIGRATION (n):  the act of immigrating

IMPACT (v): to have an impact or effect

IMPLEMENT (v): to put into effect according to or by means of a definite plan or procedure

IMPLEMENTATION (n): the act of accomplishing some aim or executing some order

IMPLICATION (n): something implied or suggested as naturally to be inferred or understood

IMPLICIT (adj): implied, rather than expressly stated

IMPLICITLY (adv): (1) without doubting or questioning; (2) without ever expressing so clearly

IMPLY (v): to indicate or suggest without being explicitly stated

IMPOSE (v): to force, to thrust oneself offensively upon others; intrude

IMPROPER (adj): inappropriate, rude

IMPROVE (v): get better

IMPROVEMENT (n) 

INCENTIVE (n): something that tends to incite to action or greater effort, as a reward offered for increased productivity

INCIDENCE (n): occurrence

INCIDENT (n): event

INCIDENTAL (adj): happening or likely to happen in an unplanned or subordinate conjunction with something else

INCIDENTALLY (adv): in an incidental manner

INCLINATION (n): tendency

INCLINE (v): to influence to have a certain tendency; dispose

INCLUDE (v): consist of, contain

INCLUSION (n)

INCLUSIVE (adj)

INCOME (n): the monetary payment received for goods or services, or from other sources, as rents or investments

INCOMPLETE (adj): not complete

INCORPORATE (v): (1) to form into a legal corporation; (2) to put or introduce into a body or mass as an integral part or parts; (3) to take in or include as a part or parts, as the body or a mass does

INCORPORATION (n)

INCREASE (v): go up, boost

INCREASINGLY (adv)

INCURABLE (adj): not curable; that cannot be cured, remedied, or corrected

INDEFINITE (adj): (1) unspecified; indeterminate; (2) imprecise, inexact, indistinct, confusing, vague, uncertain.

INDEFINITELY (adv)

INDICATE (v): (1) to point out or point to; direct attention to; (2) to show, as by measuring or recording; make known; (3) to state or express, esp. briefly or in a general way

INDICATION (n)

INDICATIVE (adj)

INDICATOR (n)

INDIVIDUAL (n): a single human being, as distinguished from a group

INDIVIDUAL (adj): single; particular; separate

INDIVIDUALITY (n): the particular character or aggregate of qualities, that distinguishes one person or thing from others; sole and personal nature:

INDIVIDUALLY (adv): (1) one at a time; separately; (2) personally

INEFFECTIVE (adj): inefficient or incompetent; incapable

INEFFICIENT (adj): ineffective

INEQUALITY (n): injustice; partiality

INEVITABLE (adj): unable to be avoided, evaded, or escaped; certain; necessary

INEVITABLY (adv): unavoidably

INFER (v): to derive by reasoning; conclude or judge from premises or evidence

INFERENCE (n)

INFLUENCE (v): incite, rouse, arouse, instigate, induce, persuade

INFLUENTIAL (adj)

INFORM (v): to give or impart knowledge of a fact or circumstance to

INFORMAL (adj): casual, not formal

INFORMATION (n): knowledge

INFRASTRUCTURE (n): the basic, underlying framework or features of a system or organization

INHERENT (adj): innate, inborn, natural

INITIAL (adj): first, original

INITIALLY (adv): at first, originally

INITIATE (v): start, begin

INITIATION (n): start, eginning

INJURE (v): damage, harm, hurt

INJURY (n)

INNOVATE (v): to introduce something new; make changes in anything established

INNOVATION (n)

INNOVATOR (n)

INPUT (n): something put into a system or expended in its operation to achieve output or a result

INQUIRE (v): question, find out

INQUIRY (n)

INSERT (v): put in, place in

INSERTION (n)

INSIGHT (n)

INGISHTFUL (adj)

INSPECT (v): examine, scrutinize

INSPECTION (n)

INSPECTOR (n)

INSTANCE (n): (1) example; (2) occassion

INSTANT (adj): immediate

INSTANTLY (adv): immediately

INSTITUTE (n): organization, institution

INSTITUTION (n): organization, institute

INSTITUTIONAL (adj): of, pertaining to, or established by institution

INSTRUCT (v): teach, train

INSTRUCTION (n): (1) teaching, training; (2) direction

INSTRUCTOR (n): teacher, trainer

INSTRUMENT (n): tool, gadget

INSTRUMENTAL (adj)

INSULT (v): offend

INSURANCE (n): the act, system, or business of insuring property, life, one's person, etc., against loss or harm arising in specified contingencies, as fire, accident, death, disablement, or the like, in consideration of a payment proportionate to the risk involved

INSURE (v): cover

INTEGRATE (v): (1) to bring together or incorporate (parts) into a whole; (2) to make up, combine, or complete to produce a whole or a larger unit, as parts do

INTEGRATION (n)

INTELLIGENCE (n): (1) capacity for learning, reasoning, understanding, and similar forms of mental activity; aptitude in grasping truths, relationships, facts, meanings, etc; (2) the gathering or distribution of information, esp. secret information.

INTELLIGENT (adj) clever, sharp, smart

INTEND (v): to have in mind as something to be done or brought about; plan

INTENSE (adj): (1) existing or occurring in a high or extreme degree; (2) acute, strong, or vehement, as sensations, feelings, or emotions. 

INTENSITY (n): the quality or condition of being intense. 

INTENSIVE (adj): characterized by a high degree or intensity

INTENSIVELY (adv): extremely

INTENTION (n): the end or object intended; purpose

INTENTIONAL (adj): done with intention or on purpose; intended

INTENTIONALLY (adv): deliberately, on purpose

INTERACT (v): to act together or towards others or with others; 

INTERACTION (n)

INTERACTIVE (adj)

INTERFERE (v): to take part in the affairs of others

INTERFERENCE (n)

INTERMEDAITE (adj): being, situated, or acting between two points, stages, things, persons

INTERNAL (adj): (1) existing, occurring, or found within the limits or scope of something; intrinsic; (2) situated or existing in the interior of something; interior

INTERNALIZE (v): to incorporate (the cultural values, mores, motives, etc., of another or of a group), as through learning, socialization, or identification

INTERNALLY (adv): on or from the inside

INTERNATINAL (adj): between or among nations; involving two or more nations

INTERNATIONALLY (adv): globally, worldwide

INTERPRET (v): (1) to understand, infer; (2) to translate

INTERPRETATION (n)

INTERPRETER (n)

INTERRUPT (v): to disrupt

INTERRUPTION (n)

INTERVAL (n)

INTERVENE (v): to interfere, intrude

INTERVENTION (n)

INVALUABLE (adj): priceless, precious

INVEST (v): to put (money) to use, by purchase or expenditure, in something offering potential profitable returns, as interest, income, or appreciation in value

INVESTMENT (n) 

INVESTIGATE (v):  to examine, look into

INVESTIGATION (n)

INVESTIGATOR (n)

INVOLVE (v): to engage, occupy

INVOLVEMENT (n)

IRRELEVANCE (n): the quality or state of being unrelated to a matter being considered

IRRELEVANT (adj): unrelated to the matter being considered

IRREPLACEABLE (adj): unique, matchless

IRREPSONSIBLE (adj): reckless, careless, negligent

ISOLATE (v): to set or place apart; detach or separate so as to be alone

ISOLATION (n)

ISSUE (n): (1) something that is printed or published and distributed, esp. a given number of a periodical; (2) problem, question

ITEM (n): a separate article

JEWELLERY (n): articles of gold, silver, precious stones, etc., for personal adornment

JOINT (adj): shared by or common to two or more

JOINTLY (adv): together, equally

JOY (n) : happiness, pleasure

JOYFUL (adj): full of happiness and joy

JUDGE (v): to form an opinion or estimation of after careful consideration

JUDGEMENT (n)

JUDGEMENTAL (adj)

JUST (adj): (1) guided by truth, reason, justice, and fairness (2) done or made according to principle; equitable; proper

JUSTICE (n): the quality of being just; righteousness, equitableness, or moral rightness

JUSTIFIABLE (adj): having sufficient grounds for justification; possible to justify

JUSTIFICATION (n): a reason, fact, circumstance, or explanation that justifies or defends

JUSTIFY (v): to show (an act, claim, statement, etc.) to be just or right

JUSTLY (adv): in a just manner; honestly; fairly

LABEL (n): (1) a slip of paper, cloth, or other material, marked or inscribed, for attachment to something to indicate its manufacturer, nature, ownership, destination, etc.  (2) a short word or phrase descriptive of a person, group, intellectual movement, etc.  

LABOUR (n): (1) a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages (2)  concluding state of pregnancy; from the onset of contractions to the birth of a child

LACK (n): deficiency or absence of something needed, desirable, or customary

LAY (v): to put or place in a horizontal position or position of rest; set down

LEAN (v): to incline or bend from a vertical position

LECTURE (v): to deliver a lecture to or before; instruct by lectures

LECTURER (n)

LEGAL (adj): permitted by law; lawful

LENGTHEN (v): to make longer; make greater in length

LENGTH (n)

LENGTHY(adj)

LESSEN (v): (1) to become less.  (2) to make less; reduce

LESS (adv)

LIBERAL (adj): favorable to progress or reform, as in political or religious affairs

LIBERATE (v): (1) to set free, as from imprisonment or bondage; (2) to free (a nation or area) from control by a foreign or oppressive government; (3) to free (a group or individual) from social or economic constraints or discrimination, esp. arising from traditional role expectations or bias. 

LIBERATION (n): (1) the act of liberating or the state of being liberated; (2) the act or fact of gaining equal rights or full social or economic opportunities for a particular group.

LICENCE (n): a legal document giving official permission to do something

LINK (n): anything serving to connect one part or thing with another

LIQUID (n): agree in referring to matter that is not solid. Liquid commonly refers to substances, as water, oil, alcohol, and the like

LITERARY (adj): pertaining to or of the nature of books and writings, esp. those classed as literature

LITERATURE (adj): writings in which expression and form, in connection with ideas of permanent and universal interest, are characteristic or essential features, as poetry, novels, history, biography, and essays

LOAD (n): (1) weight (2) burden

LOAN (n): the act of lending; a grant of the temporary use of something:

LOCATE (v): to identify or discover the place or location of:

LOCATION (n)

LOCK (v): to fasten or secure (a door, window, building, etc.) by the operation of a lock or locks.

LOGIC (n): reason, judgment

LOGICAL (adj): reasonable, sensible

LOSS (n): detriment, disadvantage, or deprivation from failure to keep, have, or get

LOYAL (adj): faithful, trustworthy

LOYALTY (n): faithfulness, devotion

MAINTAIN (v): to uphold, preserve

MAINTENANCE (n): preservation, upholding

MAJOR (adj): main, key

MAJORITY (n): the greater part or number; the number larger than half the total

MANIPULATE (v): control, influence

MANIPULATION (n): the act of controlling or influencing someone or something

MANIPULATIVE (adj): controlling

MANNER (n): a way of doing, being done, or happening; mode of action, occurrence, etc.

MANUAL (adj): done, operated, worked, etc., by the hand or hands rather than by an electrical or electronic device

MANUALLY (adv): by hand

MANUFACTURE (v): produce in large numbers or quantities

MANUFACTURER (n)

MARGIN (n): (1) the space around the printed or written matter on a page. (2) an amount allowed or available beyond what is actually necessary: to allow a margin for error. 

MARGINAL (adj) (1) situated on the border or edge (2) marked by contact with disparate cultures, and acquiring some but not all the traits or values common to any one of them

MASS (n): a body of coherent matter, usually of indefinite shape and often of considerable size

MASTER (v): be or become completely proficient or skilled in

MASTERY (n)

MATURATION (n): The process of becoming mature

MATURE (adj): complete in natural growth or development

MATURITY (n): full development; perfected condition:

MAXIMISATION (n): the act of raising to the highest possible point or condition or position

MAXIMISE (v): to increase to the greatest possible amount or degree

MAXIMUM (n): the greatest quantity or amount possible, assignable, allowable

MEASURABLE (adj): Possible to be measured

MEASURE (v): to ascertain the extent, dimensions, quantity, capacity, etc., of, esp. by comparison with a standard

MEASUREMENT (n):  the act of measuring

MECHANISM (n): machinery or mechanical appliances in general

MEDIA (n): the means of communication, as radio and television, newspapers, and magazines, that reach or influence people widely

MEDIATE (v): to settle (disputes, strikes, etc.) as an intermediary between parties; reconcile

MEDIATION (n): action in mediating between parties, as to effect an agreement or reconciliation

MEDICAL (adj): the use or application of medicine

MEDICINE (n): (1) any substance or substances used in treating disease or illness; medicament; remedy. 

(2) the art or science of restoring or preserving health or due physical condition, as by means of drugs, surgical operations or appliances, or manipulations: often divided into medicine proper, surgery, and obstetrics 

MELT (v): to become liquid; dissolve

MEMORISE (also memorize) (v): remember, learn by heart, commit to memory

MEMORIZABLE (adj)

MEMORIZATION (n)

MEMORIZER (n)

MEMORY (n): (1) recall; (2) recollection; (3) saved mental impression

MEND (v): (1) repair; (2) improve

MEND (n): (1) reform; (2) repair; (3) act of repairing

MENDABLE (adj)

MENDER (n)

MENTAL (adj): (1) of or relating to the mind, intellectual, providing care for those with disorders of the mind; (2) performed by or existing in the mind

MENTALLY (adv)

MENTALITY (n): intellectual character, frame of mind, mental capacity

MERCHANT (n): (1) seller, marketer; (2) trader, retailer     

MERCHANT (adj): mercantile, commercial, of or pertaining to trade or commerce, industrial

MERE (adj): (1) no more than, just, only, merely; (2) no better than

MERELY (adv)

MESSAGE (n): any notice, word, or communication, written or verbal, sent from one person to another

METHOD (n):(1) procedure, plan of action, way; (2) systematic arrangement of actions

METHODICAL (adj): (1) performed in a systematic way; (2) conducted according to a set procedure or plan of action; (3) thorough, fundamental

METHODIC (adj)

METHODICALLY (adv)

METHODOLOGY (n): the system of methods followed in a particular discipline

METHODOLOGICAL (adj)

METHODOLOGICALLY (adv)

METHODOLOGIST (n)

MIGRATE (v):(1) immigrate; (2) move from one region to another in a group; (3) resettle seasonally

MIGRATION (n)

MIGRATIONAL (adj)

MIGRATOR (n)

MIGRATORY (adj)

MILD (adj): (1) not severe, harsh, or serious (2) (of weather) moderately warm (3) gentle and not easily provoked

MILDISH (adj)

MILDLY (adv)

MILDNESS (n)

MILITARY (adj): relating to or characteristic of soldiers or armed forces 

MILITARY (n): (the military) the armed forces of a country

MILITARILY (adv)

MINERAL (adj): of or pertaining to minerals, consisting of minerals 

MINERAL (n):natural substance belonging to a group of inorganic compounds which are found in the earth, that which is not animal or vegetable

MINIMAL (adj): of a minimum amount, quantity, or degree

MINIMALLY (adv)

MINIMALISE (also minimalize, minimise) (v):(1) make minimal; (2) reduce to minimum

MINIMUM (adj): pertaining to the smallest, indicating the least, of a minimum

MINIMUM (n):least possible amount, smallest possible size, lowest degree

MINISTER (n): (1) person authorized to conduct a religious service; (2) one appointed to a high government office, official, emissary, delegate; (3) head of a government department

MINISTER (v): (1) conduct a religious service; (2) hold a government office; (3) administer, supply, provide

MINISTERSHIP (n)

MINISTRY (n):(1) office of a minister; (3) religious office; (4) government department

MINOR (adj): (1) lesser in size, small; (2) secondary; (3) subordinate; (4) junior; (5) under legal age; (6) insignificant, unimportant; (7) not serious (of an illness)  

MINOR (n): (1) youth who is not of legal voting age; (2) secondary area of study in a college degree

MINORITY (n): (1) smaller group as opposed to the majority; (2) part of a population differing in some characteristic (race, sex, etc.)

MISERABLE (adj): unhappy, dejected, wretched

MISERABLE (n):(1) wretch, poor person; (2) sorry person

MISERABLENESS (n)

MISERABLY (adv)

MISTAKE (v): (1) make an error, be wrong; (2) misinterpret, misunderstand; (3) confuse

MISTAKE (n): (1) fault; (2) error

MISTAKABLE (also mistakeable) (adj)

MISTAKABLY (also mistakeably) (adv)

MISTAKEN (adj): (1) erroneous, wrong; (2) being in error, having made a mistake

MISTAKENLY (adv)

MISTAKENNESS (n)

MIX (v): (1) blend substances together; (2) combine elements or activities that are not usually combinable; (3) associate, socialize; (6) producing music by combining separate tracks of recorded music 

MIX (n): (1) mixture, blend; (2) act of mixing; (3) pre-blended ingredients to which usually only a liquid must be added to acquire the desired result (bread, cake, etc.)

MIXABLE (adj)

MIXTURE (n):combination, blend, compound, jumble, variety

MODEL (v): (1) display; (2) example, exhibit; (3) mold, design, shape  

MODEL (adj):  ideal, serving as an example

MODEL (n): (1) example, pattern, template, exemplar; one who models (clothing, etc.); (2) one who sits as a subject for an artist; (3) person whose work is to show clothes by wearing them

MODELLING (n)

MODERATE (v): (1) make temperate; (2) reduce the intensity of, soften; (3) simplify; (4) make less excessive

MODERATE (adj): (1) mild; (2) intermediate; (3) avoiding extremes, temperate; (4) within reasonable limits

MODERATE (n): reasonable person, one who is not extreme in his opinions or views, conservative, temperate person

MODERATELY (adv)

MODERATISM (n)

MODERATION (n): temperance, quality of being moderate

MODERN (n): (1) contemporary individual; (2) current times; (3) new and up-to-date fashion  

MODERN (adj): (1) advanced, new, contemporary, current; (2) of or pertaining to present time

MODERNITY (n)

MODERNLY (adv)

MODERNNESS (n)

MODERNISATION (also modernization) (n): (1)advancement; (2) process of becoming modern

MODERNISE (v):(1) make modern; (2) improve; (3) make new

MODERNIZATION (n)

MODERNIZER (n)

MODEST (adj): (1) moderate; (2) simple, limited; (3) not provocatively dressed

MODESTLY (adv)

MODESTY (n)

MODIFICATION (n):change, adjustment, agreement; adaptation; restriction; qualification (Grammar); moderation; process of being modified

MODIFY (v):change, adjust, adapt

MODIFIABLE (adj)

MODIFICATORY (adj)

MONITOR (v):(1) supervise, observe; (2) follow up on, check up on

MONITOR (n): (1) supervisor, device for regulating (esp. the transmission quality of radio and television broadcasts); (2) screen, device that produces the visual display

MONITORIAL (adj)

MONITORSHIP (n)

MORAL (adj): (1) ethical, virtuous; (2) righteous, principled; (3) conforming to accepted standards, having integrity  

MORAL (n):  (1) ethic, moralistic lesson

MORALLY (adv)

MORALITY (n):(1) integrity, ethics, chastity; (2) conformity to accepted rules of conduct

MOTION (v): indicate, intimate, direct

MOTION (n): movement

MOTIONAL (adj)

MOTIONLESS (adj)

MOTIONLESSLY (adv) 

MOTIVATE (v):(1) provide inspiration; (2) stir to action, induce, cause

MOTIVATOR (n)

MOTIVATED (adj): having motivation, inspired, driven; stirred to action

MOTIVATING (adj): impelling to action

MOTIVATION (n):incentive, drive; act or process of motivating; inspiration; state of being stirred to action

MOTIVATIONAL (adj)

MOTIVATIONALLY (adv)

MOTIVE (n):something that causes a person to act, cause, incentive, purpose, intention

MOTIVE (adj): inspiring to action

MOTIVELESS (adj)

MOTIVELESSLY (adv)

MOTIVELESSNESS (n)

MUD (v): cover with mud  

MUD (n): wet soft earth, wet dirt

MUDDY (adj):covered in mud

MUDDY (v): make dirty with mud, cover in mud

MUDDILY (adv)

MUDDINESS (n)

MULTIPLE (adj): (1) many times more; (2) having many parts; (3) various  

MULTIPLE (n): (Mathematics) numeral which contains another numeral a certain number of times without a remainder (i.e. 15 is a multiple of 5)

MULTIPLICATION (n):(1) act or state of being multiplied; (2) (Mathematics) basic mathematical operation in which one quantity is multiplied by another (i.e. 4 x 2 = 8); (3) increase in quantity

MULTIPLY (v):(1) (Mathematics) add a quantity to itself a specified number of times (i.e. 4 x 2 = 8); (2) increase in quantity, produce a large number of

MULTIPLIABLE (adj)

MULTIPLICABLE (adj)

MURDER (v):illegally kill another person

MURDER (n):illegal killing of human being by another person with hostile intent

MURDERER (n)

MURDERESS (n)

MUTUAL (adj): shared by each of a pair

MUTUALITY (n)

MUTUALLY (adv)

MYSTERIOUS (adj): having to do with something that is unknown or not understood, pertaining to a mystery, unexplainable, puzzling, strange

MYSTERIOUSLY (adv)

MYSTERIOUSNESS (n)

MYSTERY (n):that which cannot be understood, something that is unknown

NATIVE (n): a person born in a specified place or associated with a place by birth, an animal or plant indigenous to a place NATIVE (adj): (1) associated with the place or circumstances of a person's birth, innate; (2) in a person's character

NATIVELY (adv)

NATIVENESS (n)

NECESSITATE (v): make (something) necessary as a result or consequence, force or compel to do something

NECESSITY (n):(1) essential; (2) need, requirement

NEGLECT (v): (1)disregard, ignore; (2) forget to perform (a duty); (3) fail to care for, abandon 

NEGLECT (n): disregard, inattention

NEST (n): structure in which a bird lays eggs and cares for its young

NEST (v): build a nest

NESTER (n)

NESTFUL (n) (plural nestfuls).

NETWORK (n): (1) web of wires and transmitters for communication; (2) intersecting combination of interconnected components (especially computers); (3) coordinatd system involving a number of things or people

NETWORK (v):link computers for the exchange of information

NETWORKABLE (adj)

NOBILITY (n):nobleness; aristocracy

NOBLE (adj):aristocratic, honored

NOBLE (n):person of noble rank, aristocrat

NOBLENESS (n)

NOBLY (adv)

NONSENSE (n): making no sense, senselessness, absurdity

NORM (n):standard; rule

NORMAL (n):regular, usual

NORMAL (adj): regular, standard, usual, common

NORMALITY (n)
NORMALLY (adv)

NOTION (n):concept, opinion, idea

NUMEROUS (adj) : very, many, consisting of a great number, multiple

NUMEROUSLY (adv)

NUMEROUSNESS (n)

OBEDIENCE (n) : (1) act of obeying ;(2) condition of being obedient and disciplined, submission

OBEDIENT (adj)

OBEDIENTLY (adv)

OBEY (v): (1) comply; (2) listen to, mind

OBEYER (n) 

OBJECTIVE (adj):  impartial, unbiased

OBJECTIVE (n): aim, purpose, goal

OBJECTIVELY (adv)

OBJECTIVENESS (n)

OBJECTIVITY (n)

OBJECTIVIZATION (or objectivisation) (n)

OBJECTIVIZE (or objectivise) (v)

OBSERVATION (n): (1) act of watching, act of looking, act of paying attention; (2) supervision; remark

OBSERVE (v): (1) watch, study; (2) monitor, supervise

OBSERVABLE (adj)

OBSERVABLY (adv)

OBSERVER (n)

OBTAIN (v): acquire, come by, earn, achieve

OBTAINABILITY (n)

OBTAINABLE (adj)

OBTAINER (n)

OBTAINMENT (n)

OBVIOUS (adj): clear, unmistakable, apparent, evident

OBVIOUSLY (adv)

OBVIOUSNESS (n)

OCCASION (n):occurrence, event, incident 

OCCASIONAL (adj): occurring now and then, irregular, infrequent, incidental, on occasion

OCCASIONALITY (n)

OCCASIONALLY (adv)

OCCUPATION (n):(1) profession, vocation; (2)act of forcefully taking possession of an area, seizure, conquest

OCCUPATIONAL (adj)

OCCUPATIONALLY (adv)

OCCUPY (v):(1) inhabit, live in, keep busy (2)seize, conquer, hold, control

OCCUPIER (n) 

OCCUR (v):(1) happen, take place; (2) come to mind, suggest itself

OCCURRENCE (n): happening, event, incident

ODD (adj):(1) strange, irregular, random, extra (2) not divisible by two (Mathematics)

ODDISH (adj)

ODDLY (adv)

ODDNESS (n)

OFFENCE (n):(1) attack; (2) (Sports) side that pursues (rather than defends); (3) insult

OFFEND (v):(1) insult; (2) violate a law

OFFENDED (adj)

OFFENDEDLY (adv)

OFFENDER (n)

OFFENSIVE (adj): (1) disgusting, disagreeable to the senses; (2) offending, emotionally injurious; (3)aggressive

OFFENSIVE (n): (1) attack, act of aggression; (2)position of pursuit or aggression

OFFENSIVELY (adv)

OFFENSIVENESS (n)

OFFICIAL (adj): (1) formal, ceremonious; (2) issued authoritatively; (3) authorized, holding an office; (4) of or relating to an office or position

OFFICIAL (n):(1) officer; (2) one who holds public office

OFFICIALDOM (n)

OFFICIALISM (n)

OFFICIALIZE (or officialise) (v)

OFFICIALLY (adv)

OMISSION (n):(1) deletion, negligence; (2) failure, default

OMISSIBLE (adj)

OMISSION (n)

OMISSIVE (adj)

OMIT (v):(1) delete; (2) skip over, neglect

OMISSIBLE (adj)

OMISSION (n)

OMISSIVE (adj)

ONGOING (adj): (1) continuous, existing, in progress

ONGOING (n): progress; continuing process

ONGOINGNESS (n)

OPERATE (v):(1) act, function; (2) manage, use, activate; (3) perform surgery

OPERATION (n):(1) act of operating; (2) working, performance, handling; (3) campaign, series of activities to achieve a goal (e.g. military operations); (4) surgery

OPERATOR (n):(1) one who activates; (2) worker of a telephone switchboard; (3) worker

OPPONENT (n):(1) rival, adversary; (2) objector

OPPONENT (adj):(1) contradicting; (2) opposing

OPPOSE (v):(1) resist;  (2) be strong in a contradictory opinion; (3) set against, contrast, counterbalance

OPPOSER (n)

OPPOSITION (n):(1) resistance; (2)  opposing body or party (in politics, sports, etc.)

OPPOSITIONAL (adj)

OPPOSITIONIST (adj & n)

OPTION (n):choice, alternative, possibility, selection, election

OPTIONAL (adj): left to one's choice, not compulsory, voluntary

OPTIONALITY (n)

OPTIONALLY (adv)

ORDINARILY (adv): usually, generally, normally, customarily

ORDINARINESS (n)

ORDINARY (adj): regular, common

ORDINARILY (adv)

ORDINARINESS (n)

ORIENTATION (n): adjustment to surroundings

ORIGIN (n):(1) source; (2) beginning; (3) birth, parentage, nationality

ORIGINAL (adj): (1) first, primary

ORIGINAL (n):(1) source from which something arises, originator

ORIGINALITY (n)

ORIGINALLY (adv)

ORIGINATE (v):(1) begin; (2) result from; develop

ORIGINATION (n)

ORIGINATIVE (adj)

ORIGINATOR (n)

ORNAMENT (n): (1) decoration, embellishment

ORNAMENT (v): supply with ornamentation, decorate; adorn, garnish

ORNAMENTATION (n)

ORNAMENTAL (adj): decorative, made for show

ORNAMENTALISM (n)

ORNAMENTALIST (n)

ORNAMENTALLY (adv)

OUTCOME (n):result, effect

OUTPUT (n):(1) product, manufacture; (2) information sent out from a computer (Computers)

OUTPUTTER (n)

OVERALL (adv): in general, generally

OVERALL (adj): comprehensive; extensive

OVERALLED (adj)

OVERCOME (v):(1) succeed in dealing with (a problem); (2) defeat

OVERLAP (v): (1)extend over, cover a part of; (2) have something in common

OVERLAP (n): something that is superimposed

OVERSEAS (adv): across the sea, from beyond the sea

OVERSEAS (adj): beyond or across the sea, foreign

PAIN (v): hurt, cause pain

PAIN (n): (1) sensation of physical discomfort (often due to illness or injury); (2) emotional suffering or distress; (3) someone or something that is irritating or problematic

PAINED (adj)

PAINFUL (adj): (1) aching; causing pain; (2) tiresome; distressful

PAINFULLY (adv)

PAINFULNESS (n)

PARENT (n): (1)  father or mother; (2) cause, origin, source

PARENT (v):(1) act as a parent, raise children; (2) originate

PARENTAGE (n)

PARENTAL (adj)

PARENTALLY (adv)

PARENTCRAFT (n)

PARENTHOOD (n)

PART (v): (1) divide, separate

PART (n): (1) section, piece; (2) side in an agreement  

PARTER (n)

PARTIAL (adj): fractional, fragmentary, incomplete

PARTIALITY (n)

PARTIALLY (adv)

PARTIALNESS (n)

PARTLY (adv)

PARTICIPANT (n): one who takes part

PARTICIPATE (v): be involved, take part, join in

PARTICIPATION (n)

PARTICIPATIVE (adj)

PARTICIPATOR (n)

PARTICIPATORY (adj)

PARTNER (v): work as an associate, join as a colleague

PARTNER (n): (1) associate, colleague; (2) spouse

PARTNERLESS (adj)

PARTNERSHIP (n): association, collaboration, participation

PASSAGE (n): (1) way, route, course; (2) segment, section, piece; (3) paragraph, excerpt, extract

PASSIVE (adj): submissive, unresisting

PASSIVE (n): (Grammar) verb form used to show that the subject is being acted upon (rather than performing an action)

PASSIVELY (adv)

PASSIVENESS (n)

PASSIVITY (n)

PATH (n):  track, route

PATHLESS (adj)

PATIENCE (n): tolerance, forbearance

PATIENT (adj):  tolerant, forbearing, long-suffering

PATIENT (n): one who receives therapy or treatment (medical, psychiatric, etc.)

PATIENTLY (adv)

PATRIOTIC (adj): loyal to one's country of birth, devoted to one's country

PATRIOTICALLY (adv)

PATTERN (n): sample, model, form, shape, decorative design

PATTERN (v): imitate; copy an example

PATTERNLESS (adj)

PAY (v):give money for goods or to cancel debts

PAY (n): salary, payment, wages

PAYEE (n)

PAYER (n)

PAYMENT (n):money paid, wage, salary

PECULIAR (adj): exceptional, special, strange, odd, curious, unique, singular

PECULIARLY (adv)

PERCEIVE (v):(1) feel, sense, be aware of; (2) see, behold

PERCEIVABLE (adj)

PERCEIVER (n)

PERCENTAGE (n):(1) rate or proportion per hundred, part of a whole expressed in hundredths; (2)proportion, part

PERCEPTION (n):(1) sense, feeling, intuition; (2) comprehension, understanding

PERCEPTIONAL (adj)

PERFORM (v):(1) do, carry out, execute; (2) act, fulfill a role in a show

PERFORMABILITY (n)

PERFORMABLE (adj)

PERFORMER (n)

PERFORMANCE (n):(1) show, presentation; (2) act of presenting an artistic work to an audience

PERFORMER (n):(1) one who performs; (2) actor, musician

PERFORMABILITY (n)

PERFORMABLE (adj)

PERIOD (n):(1) punctuation mark resembling a small dot placed at the end of a sentence, end, pause at end of a phrase, full sentence (2)age, era; length of time

PERIODIZATION (or periodisation) (n)

PERIODIZE (or periodise) (v)

PERIODIC (adj):  occurring at regular intervals, seasonal, periodical

PERIODICITY (n)

PERIODICAL (adj):  occurring at regular intervals, seasonal, periodic

PERIODICAL (n): magazine, journal

PERIODICALLY (adv)

PERMANENT (adj): lasting, enduring, regular, fixed, invariable

PERMANENT (n): chemical process for permanently curling hair

PERMANENCE (n)

PERMANENCY (n)

PERMANENTLY (adv)

PERMISSION (n): leave, permit

PERMIT (v): let, enable, allow; authorize

PERMIT (n): license, written permission, authorization

PERMITTEE (n)

PERMITTER (n)

PERSIST (v): insist, stand firm; persevere; continue

PERSISTENCE (n): (1) stubbornness, (2) continuation

PERSISTENCE (n)

PERSISTENCY (n)

PERSISTENTLY (adv)

PERSISTENT (adj): (1) stubborn; (2) constant, continual

PERSISTENCE (n)

PERSISTENCY (n)

PERSISTENTLY (adv)

PERSPECTIVE (n):viewpoint, outlook, view

PERSPECTIVAL (adj)

PERSUADE (v): convince

PERSUADABILITY (n)

PERSUADABLE (adj)

PERSUADER (n)

PERSUASIBLE (adj)

PERSUASION (n): act of convincing, act of persuading

PERSUASIVE (adj): intended to persuade, influential, convincing

PERSUASIVELY (adv)

PERSUASIVENESS (n)

PHASE (n): (1)stage; side, angle, aspect; period

PHASE (v): plan in stages, plan in gradual steps

PHENOMENAL (adj): (1) extraordinary; (2) perceived by the senses; (3) pertaining to observable events or circumstances

PHENOMENALIZE (or phenomenalise) (v)

PHENOMENALLY (adv)

PHENOMENON (n):(1) event or circumstance that can be observed; (2) something unusual; (3) something detected by the senses

PHILOSOPHER (n):one who philosophizes

PHILOSOPHICAL (adj): of philosophy

PHILOSOPHIC (adj)

PHILOSOPHICALLY (adv)

PHILOSOPHY (n): study of the principles of existence behavior and knowledge, study of the nature of human thought and of the world

PHYSICAL(adj): (1) bodily, corporeal; (2) pertaining to physics; (3) material,  natural 

PHYSICAL (n): general medical examination performed in order to determine one's overall state of health or fitness

PHYSICALITY (n)

PHYSICALIZATION (or physicalisation) (n)

PHYSICALIZE (or physicalise) (v)

PHYSICALLY (adv)

PHYSICALNESS (n)

PILE (v): place one on top of other, accumulate, gather, collect

PILE (n): wealth, fortune; group of buildings

PITY (v): have mercy on, feel compassion for, sympathize with

PITY (n): mercy, compassion; sympathy

PITYING (adj)

PITYINGLY (adv)

PLAIN (adv): simply, clearly, simply

PLAIN (adj):clear, evident, simple, unembellished

PLAIN (n): plateau, area of level ground

PLAINLY (adv)

PLAINNESS (n)

PLEASANT (adj):nice, agreeable; lively, pleasing, kind, friendly, good-natured

PLEASANTLY (adv)

PLEASANTNESS (n)

PLEASE (adv): if you would be so kind

PLEASE (v): satisfy a desire, cause pleasure, give pleasure

PLEASINGLY (adv)

PLEASURE (n): enjoyment, amusement, entertainment; delight, joy

PLEASURE (v): cause someone enjoyment, provide someone else with a pleasurable experience

PLENTY(n) : large quantity, sufficient quantity, much

PLENTY (adv): very, to a great degree (Slang)

PLENTY (adj): existing in large amounts, sufficient

PLUS (prep): and more

PLUS (adv): (Slang) and something else, and a little more

PLUS (adj): (1) positive (Mathematics, Electricity); (2) and more

PLUS (n): (1) sign for addition; (2) advantage, benefit

POINT (v):indicate; emphasize

POINT (n):spot, essence, matter

POISON (v):(1) kill or injure with toxin, give poison; (2) have bad or damaging influence on; corrupt

POISON (n):toxin, venom

POISONER (n)

POISONOUS (adj)

POLICY (n):course or method of action, guidelines

POLITICAL (adj): of or relating to the state or its government; pertaining to politics, concerned with politics

POLITICALLY (adv)

POLITICIAN (n):statesman, someone involved in politics

POLITICS (n): art or science of government; governmental principles; political actions or policies

POOR (adj): miserable, wretched, pitiable, lacking

POOR (n): people who live in poverty

POORNESS (n)

POPULAR (adj): (1) of the general population; (2) well-liked, admired; approved, accepted; common

POPULARISM (n)

POPULARITY (n)

POPULARLY (adv)

PORTION (n):(1) part, piece; (2) serving of food

PORTION (v):divide into parts, partition

POSITION (n): (1) viewpoint, opinion; (2) location, place; (3) post, job; (4) condition, situation

POSITION (v):set, put, place

POSITIONAL (adj)

POSITIONALLY (adv)

POSITIONER (n)

POSITIVE (adj): not negative, favorable, beneficially, clear; practical

POSITIVENESS (n)

POSITIVITY (n)

POSITIVELY (adv): in a positive manner; favorably, beneficially, certainly, clearly

POSSESS (v):(1) hold, have as a quality; (2) own, have as property

POSSESSOR (n)

POSSESSORY (adj)

POSSESSION (n):property, asset, ownership

POSTPONE (v): put off to a later time, delay, put off until later

POSTPONABLE (adj)

POSTPONEMENT (n)

POSTPONER (n)

POTENTIAL (adj): possible, capable of becoming, able to be

POTENTIAL (n): possibility, ability, capability of being

POTENTIALITY (n)

POTENTIALIZE (or potentialise) (v)

POTENTIALLY (adv)

POVERTY (n):state of being poor

PRAISE (v):express admiration, commend, extol, compliment, laud

PRAISE (n) : commendation, glorification, laudation; compliments, expressions of admiration

PRAISEFUL (adj)

PRAISER (n)

PRAY (v): praise or appeal to God in words or thought; request, ask, make a petition, seek

PRAYER (n):petition or entreaty to god, application to God expressed in words or thoughts; one who prays, one who appeals to God

PRECEDE (v):go before, come before; be in front, be ahead of; predate, happen before

PRECEDING (adj)

PRECEDENT (adj): preceding, earlier; prior, previous; having priority

PRECEDENT (n): authoritative example; model, standard, example

PRECIOUS (adj): (1) expensive, valuable, priceless; (2) beloved, dear

PRECIOUS (adv): (Slang) extremely, immensely; very, quite

PRECIOUSLY (adv)

PRECIOUSNESS (n)

PRECISE (adj): exact, not more and not less

PRECISELY (adv)

PRECISENESS (n)

PREDICT (v): foretell, announce in advance, guess

PREDICTIVE (adj)

PREDICTIVELY (adv)

PREDICTOR (n)

PREDICTABLE (adj): able to be predicted, can be foretold

PREDICTABILITY (n)

PREDICTABLY (adv)

PREDICTION (n): prophecy, forecasting, act of foretelling

PREDOMINANT (adj): (1) superior, supreme; (2) (when followed by of, over) ruling, in control; (3) primary, main, central; (4) widespread

PREDOMINANCE (n)

PREDOMINANTLY (adv)

PREFER (v): like better; promote, advance

PREFERABLE (adj): worthy of being favored, worthy of being chosen first; more desirable

PREFERABILITY (n)

PREFERABLY (adv)

PREFERENCE  (n):(1) favor, liking, fondness; (2) priority, superior status; (3) something that is preferred, favorite

PREJUDICE (n): preconceived opinion, bias; prejudgment

PREJUDICE (v): express a preconceived opinion, express one's biases; injure the rights of another

PREJUDICED (adj)

PRESERVE (v): (1) guard, keep safe; (2) keep, conserve; (3) defend, protect; (4) make everlasting

PRESERVE (n):nature reserve, area of land set aside to protect natural resources and wildlife

PRESERVABLE (adj)

PRESERVATION (n)

PRESERVER (n)

PRESSURE (n): (1) exertion of force, compression, application of weight; (2) weight, burden

PRESSURE (v): apply force or weight, push, stress

PRESUMABLY (adv): seemingly, supposedly; apparently; assumedly, through reasonable assumption

PRESUME (v): assume, take for granted; dare, permit oneself

PRESUMABLE (adj)

PRESUMPTION (n): assumption, supposition

PRETEND(adj):  simulated,  make-believe

PRETEND (v): present a false image or appearance, act in a role, claim

PREVENT (v): cause not to happen,  impede, hinder

PREVENTABILITY (n)

PREVENTABLE (also preventible) (adj)

PREVENTION (n)

PREVIOUS (adj): earlier, prior, preceding

PREVIOUSLY (adv)

PRIDE (v): (1) be proud of -, have a sense of satisfaction for

PRIDE (n):self-respect, self-esteem

PRIEST (n):clergyman, minister; one who performs religious rites

PRIESTHOOD (n)

PRIESTLINESS (n)

PRIESTLY (adj)

PRIMARILY (adv): chiefly, principally, mainly; in the first place, initially

PRIMARY (adj): (1) first, original; initial; principal, main, prime; basic, fundamental

PRIME (adj): principal, major, chief; central, main; select, choice, of the highest quality; initial, first; excellent, superior

PRIME (n): state of perfection; state of highest quality; state of prosperity; springtime; childhood; dawn, sunrise; prime number, number that is not divisible by any number except itself and 1 (Mathematics) 

PRIME (v): prepare for use, make ready; load, fill; carry out a preliminary and/or preparatory act

PRINCIPAL(adj): (1) chief, head, leading; (2) primary, main, major; (3) first in rank, of the highest importance or priority

PRINCIPAL (n): school director, school master

PRINCIPALSHIP (n)

PRINCIPALLY (adv): essentially, mainly, primarily, mostly

PRINCIPLE (n): doctrine, fundamental law, primary law on which other laws are based

PRINCIPLED (adj): having integrity, abiding by moral values and beliefs

PRIORITISE (v): set priorities, organize according to importance (also prioritize)

PRIORITIZATION (n)

PRIORITY (n): preference, higher rank, privileged position; seniority, precedence

PROBABILITY (n): likelihood, reasonability, odds; chance, prospect, outlook

PROBABLE (adj): (1) reasonable, almost certain, very likely; (2) expected, anticipated

PROBABLY (adv):  almost certainly, very likely, apparently, in all likelihood

PROCEDURE (n):(1) routine, protocol; (2) course of action, sequence of instructions 

PROCEDURAL (adj)

PROCEDURALLY (adv)

PROCEED (v): (1) continue, carry on; (2) advance, progress, move forward

PROCESS (n): (1) procedure, routine; (2) course of action; (3) advance

PROCESS (v):treat, adapt, subject to series of procedures; prepare, make ready

PRODUCE (n): (1) product, output; (2)harvest, total agricultural product

PRODUCE (v): (1) manufacture; (2) publicize (a film); (3) give birth (animals)

PRODUCER (n)

PRODUCIBILITY (n)

PRODUCIBLE (adj)

PRODUCT (n):(1) something that is produced, result of manufacturing; (2) goods, merchandise

PRODUCTION (n): manufacture, output

PRODUCTIVE (adj): (1) generative, creative; (2) worthwhile, profitable, advantageous

PRODUCTIVELY (adv)

PRODUCTIVENESS (n)

PRODUCTIVITY (n): generativeness, creativeness

PROFIT (v): (1) earn income, make financial gains

PROFIT (n):(1) earnings, financial gain; (2) advantage, privilege

PROFITLESS (adj)

PROFITABLE (adj): (1) rewarding, beneficial; (2) producing income

PROFITABILITY (n)

PROFITABLY (adv)

PROGRESS (v): advance, move forward, gain, proceed

PROGRESS (n):(1) headway, forward movement; (2) development, advancement

PROHIBIT (v): outlaw, forbid by law; ban; prevent

PROHIBITER (n)

PROHIBITOR (n)

PROHIBITORY (adj)

PROHIBITION (n):state of being forbidden; act of forbidding or prohibiting; law or decree which forbids something

PROHIBITIONARY (adj)

PROHIBITIONIST (n)

PROJECT(v): (1)plan, scheme

PROJECT (n): (1) plan, scheme, program; (2) task, assignment, activity

PROJECTION (n):(1) act of showing on a screen; (2) act of planning or programming

PROJECTIONIST (n)

PROMOTE (v): (1) further, advance; (2) advance in rank or position; (3) foster sales through advertising;(4) aid, help, assist

PROMOTABILITY (n)

PROMOTABLE (adj)

PROMOTER (n)

PROMOTIVE (adj)

PROMOTED (adj): advanced in rank, elevated in status

PROMOTION (n):(1) advancement, furthering, encouragement; (2) initiative, enterprise; (3) aid, assistance

PROMOTIONAL (adj)

PROMPT (adj): (1)performed on time, done immediately, swift, quick

PROMPT (v):motivate, inspire

PROMPT (n): reminder, something that stimulates memory

PROMPTING (n)

PROMPTITUDE (n)

PROMPTLY (adv)

PROMPTNESS (n)

PROOF (adj): (1) resistant, invulnerable; (2) durable, capable of withstanding

PROOF (v):make resistant; make impervious

PROOF (n): substantiation, demonstration, evidence

PROPER (adj): correct; suitable; just; complete (Slang)

PROPERNESS (n)

PROPERTY (n):(1) possessions, belongings; (2) estate, assets; (3) ownership

PROPORTION (n):(1) ratio; (2) part, portion; (3) rate

PROPORTION (v):(1) separate into portions; (2) adjust in size relative to other parts

PROPORTIONED (adj)

PROPOSAL (n):proposition, suggestion

PROPOSE (v):(1) suggest, recommend; (2) make an offer of marriage

PROPOSER (n)

PROSPECT (n): (1) chance, probability of advancement or success; (2) hope, promise; (3) outlook, perspective

PROSPECT (v):search for valuable materials (such as gold, oil, etc.)

PROSPECTLESS (adj)

PROSPECTOR (n)

PROVE (v):(1) substantiate with evidence; (2) demonstrate, show clearly

PROVABILITY (n)

PROVABLE (adj)

PROVABLY (adv)

PROVER (n)

PUBLICATION (n): (1) the act of making information or stories available to people in a printed form; (2) a book, magazine, newspaper or document in which information or stories are published.

PUBLISH (v): to make information available to people, especially in a book, magazine or newspaper, or to produce and sell a book, magazine or newspaper.

PUBLISHER (n.)

PUBLISHING (n)

PUNCTUAL (adj): (1) arriving, doing something or happening at the expected, correct time; (2) not late.

PUNCTUALITY (n)

PUNCTUALLY (adv)

PUNISH (v): (1) to cause someone who has done something wrong or committed a crime to suffer, by hurting them, forcing them to pay money, sending them to prison, etc; (2) to use or treat badly, violently or without care.

PUNISHMENT (n)

PURCHASE (v): to buy.

PURCHASE (n): something that you buy; (2) the act of buying something.

PURE (adj): (1) not mixed with anything else; (2) describes a colour which is not mixed with any other colour; (3) describes a sound which is clear and perfect; (4) clean and free from harmful substances.

PURELY (adv)

PURSUE (v) : (1) to follow someone or something, usually to try to catch or kill them; (2) to try very hard to persuade someone to accept a job; (3) to try to discover information about a subject; (4) to try very hard to persuade someone to have a relationship with you.

PURSUIT (n)

PUZZLE (v) : to cause someone to feel confused and slightly worried because they cannot understand something, or to think hard about something in order to understand it.

PUZZLE (n) 

QUALIFICATION (n): (1) an official record showing that you have finished a training course or have the necessary skills, etc; (2) an ability, characteristic or experience that makes you suitable for a particular job or activity.

QUALIFY (v) :

QUOTATION (n): a phrase or short piece of writing taken from a longer work of literature, poetry, etc. or what someone else has said.

QUOTE (v):

RADICAL (adj): (1) relating to the most important parts of something or someone; (2) complete or extreme.

RADICALLY (adv)

RAISE (v): (1) to lift something to a higher position; (2) to cause something to increase or become bigger, better, higher, etc; (3) to take care of a person, or an animal or plant, until they are completely grown.

RANDOM (adj): happening, done or chosen by chance rather than according to a plan

RANDOMLY (adv)

RANGE (n): the amount, number or type of something between an upper and a lower limit.

RANK (v): to have a position higher or lower than others, or to be considered to have such a position.

RAPID (adj): fast or sudden.

RAPIDLY (adv)

RARE (adj): (1) not common; very unusual; (2) not often.

RARELY (adv)

RATIO (n): the relationship between two groups or amounts, which expresses how much bigger one is than the other.

RATIONAL (adj): showing clear thought or reason.

RATIONALIZE (v)

RATIONALLY (adv)

RAW (adj): (1) (of food) not cooked; (2) (of materials) not processed; in a natural state; (3) describes information which has been collected but has not yet been studied in detail.

REACT (v): to act in a particular way as a direct result of something else.

REACTION (n)

REAL (adj): (1) not imaginary; (2) not false.

REALISATION (n)

REALISE (v)

REALISTIC (adj)

REALITY (n)

REASON (n): the cause of an event or situation or something which provides an excuse or explanation.

REASONABLE (adj)

RECOGNISE (v): to know someone or something because you have seen, heard or experienced them before.

RECOGNITION (n)

RECOMMEND (v): to suggest that someone or something would be good or suitable for a particular job or purpose, or to suggest that a particular action should be done.

RECOMMENDATION (n)

RECOVER (v): to get back something lost, especially health, ability, possessions, etc.

RECOVERY (n)

REDUCE (v): to make something smaller in size, amount, degree, importance, etc.

REDUCTION (n)

REFLECT (v):  (1) If a surface reflects light, heat, sound, or an image, it sends the light, etc. back and does not absorb it; (2) to show, express or be a sign of something.

REFLECTION (n)

REFLECTIVE (adj)

REFRESH (v): (1) to make someone less hot or tired; (2) to help someone remember something.

REFRESHING (adj)

REFUSAL (n): when someone refuses to do or accept something.

REFUSE (v): to say that you will not do or accept something.

REGARD (v): (1) to consider or have an opinion about something or someone; (2) to look carefully at something or someone.

REGARDLESS (adj)

REGIME (n): a particular government or a system or method of government.

REGION (n): a particular area or part of the world, of the body, etc., or any of the large official areas into which a country is divided.

REGIONAL (adj)

REGISTER (v): (1) to put information, especially your name, into an official list or record; (2) to record, show or express something.

REGISTRATION (n)

REGRET (v): to feel a feeling of sadness about something sad or wrong or about a mistake that you have made, and to wish that it could have been different and better.

REGRETFUL (adj)

REGULATE (v): to control something, especially by making it work in a particular way.

REGULATION (n)

REGULATOR (n)

REINFORCE (v): to make something stronger.

REINFORCEMENT (n)

REJECT (v): to refuse to accept, use or believe something or someone.

REJECTION (n)

RELAX (v): (1) to (cause someone to) become less active and more calm and happy, or to (cause a part of the body to) become less stiff; (2) to make a rule or control less severe.

RELAXATION (n)

RELAXED (adj)

RELAXING (adj)

RELEASE (v): to give freedom or free movement to someone or something.

RELEVANCE (n): the degree to which something is related or useful to what is happening or being talked about.

RELEVANT (adj)

RELIABLE (adj): Something or someone that is reliable can be trusted or believed because they work or behave well in the way you expect.

RELIABILITY (n)

RELIEF (n): food, money or services which provide help for people in need.

RELIEVE (v)

RELUCTANCE (n): an unwillingness to do something.

RELUCTANT (adj)

RELUCTANTLY (adv)

RELY (v): (1) to need a particular thing or the help and support of someone or something in order to continue, to work correctly, or to succeed; (2) to trust someone or something or to expect them to behave in a particular way.

REMAIN (v): (1) to stay in the same place or in the same condition; (2) to continue to exist when other parts or other things no longer exist.

REMAINDER (n)

REMARK (v): to give a spoken statement of an opinion or thought.

REMARKABLE (adj): unusual or special and therefore surprising and worth mentioning.

REMEDY (v): to do something to correct or improve something that is wrong.

REMEDY (n): a successful way of curing an illness or dealing with a problem or difficulty.

REMIND (v): to make someone aware of something they have forgotten or might have forgotten.

REMINDER (n)

REMOVABLE (adj): able to be removed.

REMOVE (v): to take something or someone away from somewhere, or off something.

REPLACE (v): to take the place of something, or to put something or someone in the place of something or someone else.

REPLACEABLE (adj)

REPLACEMENT (n)

REPRESENT (v): to speak, act or be present officially for another person or people.

REPRESENTATION (n)

REPRESENTATIVE (adj)

REPRODUCE (v): (1) When living things reproduce, they produce young; (2) to produce a copy of something, or to be copied in a production process.

REPRODUCTION (n)

REPUTATION (n): the opinion that people in general have about someone or something, or how much respect or admiration someone or something receives, based on past behaviour or character.

REQUEST (v): when you politely or officially ask for something.

REQUIRE (v): to need or make necessary.

REQUIREMENT (n)

RESCUE (v): to help someone or something out of a dangerous, harmful or unpleasant situation.

RESEARCH (n): a detailed study of a subject, especially in order to discover (new) information or reach a (new) understanding.

RESEARCH (v)

RESEARCHER (n)

RESERVATION (n): when you arrange to have something such as a seat on an aircraft or a table at a restaurant kept for you.

RESERVED (adj)

RESIDENCE (n): a home.

RESIDENT (adj): a person who lives or has their home in a place.

RESIGN (v): to give up a job or position by telling your employer that you are leaving.

RESIGNATION (n)

RESIST (v): (1) to fight against something or someone that is attacking you; (2) to refuse to accept or be changed by something.

RESISTANCE (n)

RESISTIBLE (adj)

RESOLUTION (n): (1) when something separates or is separated into clearly different parts; (2) promise that you make to yourself to start doing something good or stop doing something bad on the first day of the year.

RESOLVE (v)

RESOURCE (n): a useful or valuable possession or quality of a country, organization or person.

RESPECT (n): admiration felt or shown for someone or something that you believe has good ideas or qualities.

RESPECTABLE (adj)

RESPECTFUL (adj)

RESPOND (v): to say or do something as a reaction to something that has been said or done.

RESPONSE (n)

RESPONSIBILITY (n): something that it is your job or duty to deal with.

RESPONSIBLE (adj)

RESTORE (v): to return something or someone to an earlier good condition or position.

RESTRAIN (v): to control the actions or behaviour of someone by force, especially in order to stop them from doing something, or to limit the growth or force of something.

RESTRAINT (n)

RESTRICT (v): to limit the movements or actions of someone, or to limit something and reduce its size or prevent it from increasing.

RESTRICTED (adj)

RESTRICTION (n)

RETIRE (v): to leave your job or stop working because of old age or ill health.

RETIRED (adj)

RETIREMENT (n)

REVEAL (v): to make known or show something that is surprising or that was previously secret.

REVEALING (adj)

REVELATION (n)

REVENGE (v): to harm someone as a punishment for harm that they have done to you.

REVENGE (n)

REVENGEFUL (adj)

REVENUE (n): the income that a government or company receives regularly.

REVERSE (v): to (cause something to) go backwards, or to change the direction, order, position, result, etc. of something to its opposite.

REVIEW (v): to consider something in order to make changes to it, give an opinion on it or study it.

REVOLUTION (n): (1) a change in the way a country is governed, usually to a different political system and often using violence or war; (2) very important change in the way that people do things.

REVOLUTIONARY (adj)

REVOLUTIONIST (n)

REVOLUTIONIZE (v)

RIGID (adj): stiff or fixed; not able to be bent, moved, changed or persuaded.

RISE (v): (1) to move upwards; (2) to stand, especially after sitting; (3) to get out of bed; (4) to increase.

RISK (v): to do something although there is a chance of a bad result.

RISKY (adj)

RIVAL (n): a person, group, etc. competing with others for the same thing or in the same area.

RIVALRY (n)

ROB (v): to take money or property illegally from a place, organization or person, often using violence.

ROBBER (n)

ROBBERY (n)

ROPE (n) (a piece of) strong, thick cord made of long twisted fibres.

ROT (v): to (cause to) decay.

ROUGH (adj): (1) uneven or not smooth, often because of being in bad condition; (2) not very carefully or expensively made; (3) difficult or unpleasant.

ROUGHLY (adv)

ROUTE (n): (1) a particular way or direction between places; (2) a method of achieving something.

ROYAL (adj): belonging or connected to a king or queen or a member of their family.

RUBBISH (n): (1) waste material or unwanted things that you throw away; (2) nonsense or worthless ideas or things.

RUDE (adj): not polite; offensive or embarrassing.

RUIN (v): (1) to spoil or destroy severely or completely; (2) to cause a person or company to lose all their money or their reputation.

RUSH (v): to (cause to) go or do something very quickly.

SACRED (adj): (1) considered to be holy and deserving respect, especially because of a connection with a god; (2) connected with religion; (3) considered too important to be changed.

SACRIFICE (v): (1) to kill an animal or a person and offer them to a god or gods; (2) to give up something that is valuable to you in order to help another person.

SAMPLE (n): a small amount of something that shows you what the rest is or should be like.

SAND (n): a substance that is found on beaches and in deserts, which is made from very small grains of rock.

SANDY (adj)

SATISFACTION (n): a pleasant feeling which you get when you receive something you wanted, or when you have done something you wanted to do.

SATISFACTORY (adj)

SATISFY (v)

SCARCE (adj): not easy to find or obtain.

SCARCELY (adv)

SCARCITY (n)

SCHEDULE (n): a list of planned activities or things to be done showing the times or dates when they are intended to happen or be done.

SCHEME (n): an officially organized plan or system.

SEARCH (v): (1) to look somewhere carefully in order to find something; (2) to try to find the answer to a problem.

SECRECY (n):

SECRET (n): (1) a piece of information that is only known by one person or a few people and should not be told to others; (2) a fact that is unknown about a subject; (3) the particular knowledge and skills needed to do something very well.

SECTION (n): one of the parts that something is divided into.

SECTOR (n): one of the areas into which the economic activity of a country is divided.

SECURE (adj): especially of objects, situations etc.) able to avoid being harmed by any risk, danger or threat.

SECURITY (n)

SEEK (v): (1) to try to find or get something, especially something which is not a physical object; (2) to ask for advice, help, approval, permission, etc.

SEIZE (v): to take something quickly and keep or hold it.

SELECT (v): to choose a small number of things, or to choose by making careful decisions.

SELECTION (n)

SELECTIVE (adj)

SELFISH (adj): Someone who is selfish only thinks of their own advantage.

SEPARATE (v): (1) to (cause to) divide into parts; (2) to make people move apart or into different places, or to move apart.

SEPARATION (n)

SEQUENCE (n): a series of related things or events, or the order in which they follow each other.

SEQUENTIAL (adj)

SETTLEMENT (n): an official agreement that finishes an argument.

SETTLER (n)

SEVERE (adj): (1) causing very great pain, difficulty, anxiety, damage, etc.; very serious; (2) extreme or very difficult.

SEVERELY (adv)

SEVERITY (n)

SEX (n): (1) either of the two major forms of individuals that occur in many species and that are distinguished respectively as female or male especially on the basis of their reproductive organs and structures; (2) the sum of the structural, functional, and behavioral characteristics of organisms that are involved in reproduction marked by the union of gametes and that distinguish males and females.

SEXUALITY (n)

SHAKE (v): (1) to move irregularly to and fro; (2) to vibrate especially as the result of a blow or shock; (3) to tremble as a result of physical or emotional disturbance; (4) to experience a state of instability; (5) to clasp hands.

SHAME (n): a painful emotion caused by consciousness of guilt, shortcoming, or impropriety.

SHAMEFUL (adj)

SHARP (adj): (1) adapted to cutting or piercing as having a thin keen edge or fine point; (2) keen in intellect, perception, or attention.

SHARPEN (v)

SHARPLY (adv)

SHELTER (v): to constitute or provide a shelter for, to protect.

SHELTER (n): something that covers or affords protection.

SHIELD (v): to protect with or as if with a shield.

SHIELD (n): a broad piece of defensive armor carried on the arm.

SHIFT (v): to exchange for or replace by another, to change.

SHOOT (v): to cause (as a gun or bow) to propel a misille.

SHORT (adj): having little length, not tall, long or high.

SHORTAGE (n)

SHORTEN (v)

SHORTLY (adv)

SIGNAL (v): to notify by a signal.

SIGNAL (n): (1) sign, indication; (2) something (as a sound, gesture, or object) that conveys notice or warning.

SIGNIFICANCE (n): the quality of being important.

SIGNIFICANT (adj)

SIGNIFICANTLY (adv)

SIGNIFY (v)

SILENCE (n): absence of sound or noise.

SILENT (adj)

SILENTLY (adv)

SIMILAR (adj): having characteristics in common.

SIMILARITY (n)

SIMULATE (v): (1) to give or assume the appearance or effect of often with the intent to deceive; (2) to copy, to represent.

SIMULATION (n)

SINCERE (n): honest, genuine.

SINCERELY (adv)

SINCERITY (n)

SKILFUL (adj): (1) possessed of or displaying skill; (2) proficient.

SKILL (n)

SLAVE (n): a person that is completely subservient to a dominating influence or person.

SLAVERY (n)

SLIGHT (adj): small of its kind or in amount.

SLIGHTLY (adv)

SMOOTH (adj): (1) having a continuous even surface; (2) free from difficulties.

SMOOTHLY (adv)

SOIL (n): firm land, earth

SOLID (adj): having, involving, or dealing with three dimensions.

SOLUTION (n): (1) an action or process of solving a problem; (2) an answer to a problem.

SOLVE (v):

SORE (adj): (1) causing pain or distress; (2) hurt or inflamed so as to be or seem painful.

SOUL (n): (1) the immaterial essence, animating principle, or actuating cause of an individual life; (2) the spiritual principle embodied in human beings, all rational and spiritual beings, or the universe.

SOUR (ADJ): (1) having the acid taste or smell of or as if of fermentation; (2) bad, wrong.

SPARE (v): to relieve of the necessity of doing or undergoing something.

SPARE (n)

SPECIFY (v): to name or state explicitly or in detail.

SPECIFIABLE (adj)

SPECIFIC (adj)

SPECIFICALLY (adv)

SPECIFICATION (n)

SPECIFIED (adj)

SPILL (v): to cause or allow especially accidentally or unintentionally to fall, flow, or run out so as to be lost or wasted.

SPIRIT (n): a supernatural being or esence.

SPIRITUAL (adj)

SPIT (v): to eject (as saliva) from the mouth.

SPLIT (v): to divide divide into parts or portions.

SPOIL (v): (1) to damage seriously; (2) to lose valuable or useful qualities usually as a result of decay; (3) to pamper excessively.

SPOT (v): (1) to mark in or with a spot; (2) detect or notice.

SPOT (n): (1)  a particular place, area, or part;(2) a particular position.

SPREAD (v): (1) to open or expand over a larger area ; (2) to stretch out or extend; (3) to distribute over an area.

STABILISE (v): to make stable, steadfast, or firm.

STABILITY (n)

STABLE (adj)

STAGE (n): (1) a raised platform; (2) one of a series of positions or stations one above the other, step.

STAIN (v): (1) to dirty or to suffuse with color; (2)  to discolor, (3) to taint

STAIN (n)

STATE (v): to say or write something, especially clearly and carefully.

STATEMENT (n)

STATISTIC (n): a fact in the form of a number that shows information about something.

STATISTICAL (adj)

STATISTICALLY (adv)

STATISTICIAN (n)

STATUS (n): (1) position or rank in relation to others; (2) state or condition with respect to circumstances.

STEADY (adj): showing little variation or fluctuation, stable, uniform.

STEADILY (adv)

STEAL (v): to take the property of another wrongfully and especially as a habitual or regular practice.

STEAM (n): vapor arising from a heated substance.

STEEL (n): commercial iron that contains carbon.

STEEP (adj): (1) making a large angle with the plane of the horizon; (2) extremely or excessively high.

STEP (n): (1) an advance or movement made by raising the foot and bringing it down elsewhere; (2) stage, phase

STICK (n): a woody piece or part of a tree.

STIFF (adj): (1) not easily bent; (2) lacking in flexibility.

STIFFEN (v): to make stiff or stiffer.

STIR (v): (1) to cause an especially slight movement or change of position of; (2) to disturb the relative position of the particles or parts of especially by a continued circular movement.

STOCK (n): (1) a log or block of wood; (2) a supporting framework or structure; (3) the equipment, materials, or supplies of an establishment.

STONE (n): piece of rock.

STRAIGHT (adj): (1) free from curves, bends, angles, or irregularities; (2) lying along or holding to a direct or proper course or method.

STRAIGHTEN (v): to make straight.

STRAIGHTFORWARD (adj): (1) free from evasiveness or obscurity; (2) proceeding in a straight course or manner.

STRATEGY (n): (1) the science and art of employing the political, economic, psychological, and military forces of a nation or group of nations to afford the maximum support to adopted policies in peace or war; (2) a careful plan or method.

STRATEGIC (adj)

STRATEGICALLY (adv)

STRENGTHEN (v): to make stronger.

STRENGTH (n)

STRESS (n): (1) constraining force or influence; (2) a physical, chemical, or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental tension and may be a factor in disease causation.

STRESSED (adj)

STRESSFUL (adj)

STRETCH (v): (1) to extend (as one's limbs or body) in a reclining position; (2) to reach out; (3) to extend in length.

STRICT (adj): (1) stringent in requirement or control; (2) severe in discipline; (3) inflexibly maintained or adhered to.

STRICTLY (adj)

STRIKE (v): (1) to take a course; (2) to aim and usually deliver a blow, stroke, or thrust. (3) to come into contact forcefully.

STRUCTURE (n): (1) the action of building; (2) something (as a building) that is constructed.

STRUCTURAL (adj)

STRUCTURALLY (adv)

STRUGGLE (v): to make strenuous or violent efforts in the face of difficulties or opposition.

STUFF (n): (1) materials, supplies, or equipment in various activities; (2) material to be manufactured, wrought, or used in construction.

STYLE (n): (1) distinctive manner of expression (as in writing or speech); (2) a distinctive manner or custom of behaving or conducting oneself.

STYLISH (adj)

SUBMIT (v): (1) to yield to governance or authority; (2) to present or propose to another for review, consideration, or decision.

SUBMISSION (n)

SUBORDINATE (adj): (1) placed in or occupying a lower class, rank, or position; (2) submissive to or controlled by authority.

SUBORDINATION (n)

SUBSEQUENT (adj): happening after something else.

SUBSEQUENTLY (adv)

SUBSTANCE (n): material with particular physical characteristics.

SUBSTANTIAL (adj): considerable in quantity; significantly great

SUBSTITUTE (v): to use something or someone instead of another thing or person.

SUBSTITUTION (n)

SUCCEED (v): (1) to come next after another in office or position or in possession of an estate; (2) to turn out well.

SUCCESS (n)

SUCCESSFUL (adj)

SUFFER (v): to experience physical or mental pain.

SUFFICIENT (adj): enough for a particular purpose.

SUFFICIENCY (n)

SUFFICIENTLY (adv)

SUIT (v): (1) to be convenient and cause the least difficulty for someone; (2) (usually of a colour or style of clothes) to make someone look more attractive.

SUITABILITY (n)

SUITABLE (adj)

SUM (n): the whole number or amount when two or more numbers or amounts have been added together.

SUMMARISE (v): to express the most important facts or ideas about something or someone in a short and clear form.

SUMMARY (n)

SUPPLY (v): to provide something that is wanted or needed, often in large quantities and over a long period of time.

SUPPLEMENT (n)

SUPPLEMENTARY (adj)

SUPPORT (v): (1) to help someone emotionally or in a practical way; (2) to hold something firmly or bear its weight, especially from below to stop it from falling.

SUPPORTER (n)

SUPPORTIVE (adj)

SURFACE (n): (1) the outer or top part or layer of something; (2) the surface of a situation or person is what they appear to be, or the features they have which are not hidden or difficult to see.

SURROUND (v): to be everywhere around something.

SURROUNDING (adj)

SURVEY (v): to ask people questions in order to find out about their opinions or behaviour.

SURVIVE (v): to continue to live or exist, especially after coming close to dying or being destroyed or after being in a difficult or threatening situation.

SURVIVOR (n)

SURVIVAL (adj)

SUSPECT (v): (1) to think that someone has committed a crime or done something wrong; (2) to think or believe something to be true or probable.

SUSPICION (n)

SUSPICIOUS (adj)

SUSPICIOUSLY (adv)

SUSPEND (v): (1) to hang; (2) to stop or to cause to be not active, either temporarily or permanently.

SUSPENSION (n)

SUSTAIN (v): (1) to cause or allow something to continue for a period of time; (2) to keep alive.

SUSTAINABILITY (n)

SUSTAINABLE (adj)

SWEAR (v): to use words that are rude or offensive as a way of emphasizing what you mean or as a way of insulting someone or something.

SWEAT (n): the salty colourless liquid that you excrete through your skin.

SWORD (n): a weapon with a long sharp metal blade and a handle, used especially in the past.

SYMBOLIZE (v): to represent something.

SYMBOL (n)

SYMBOLIC (adj)

SYMBOLICALLY (adv)

SYMPATHY (n): (an expression of) understanding and care for someone else's suffering.

SYMPATHETIC (adj)

SYMPATHETICALLY (adv)

SYSTEM (n): (1) a set of connected items or devices which operate together; (2) a set of computer equipment and programs used together for a particular purpose; (3) the way that the body works, especially the way that it digests and excretes.

SYSTEMATIC (adj)

SYSTEMATICALLY (adv)

TAPE (n): thin plastic in a long narrow strip with a magnetic covering which allows sounds or sounds and pictures to be recorded and played again, or a cassette, especially one on which sound is (to be) recorded.

TARGET (n): (1) aim, goal, or purpose; (2) an object fired at during shooting practice, often a circle with a pattern of rings, or any object or place at which bullets, bombs, etc. are aimed.

TASK (n): a piece of work to be done, especially one done regularly, unwillingly or with difficulty.

TAX (n): (an amount of) money paid to the government, which is based on your income or of the cost of goods or services you have bought.

TEAM (n): (1) a number of people or animals who do something together as a group; (2) used in a number of phrases which refer to people working together as a group in order to achieve something.

TEAR (v): to pull or be pulled apart, or to pull pieces off.

TECHNIQUE (n): a way of doing an activity which needs skill.

TECHNICAL (adj)

TECHNICALLY (adv)

TECHNOLOGY (n): (the study and knowledge of) the practical, especially industrial, use of scientific discoveries.

TECHNOLOGICAL (adj)

TEMPER (n): when someone becomes angry very quickly.

TEMPORARY (n): not lasting or needed for very long.

TEMPORARILY (adv)

TEMPT (v): to make someone want to have or do something, especially something that is unnecessary or wrong.

TEMPTATION (n): the desire to do or have something which you know you should not do or have.

TEND (v): to be likely to behave in a particular way or have a particular characteristic.

TENDENCY (n)

TENSION (n): (1) a feeling of nervousness before an important or difficult event; (2) a feeling of fear or anger between two groups of people who do not trust each other.

TENSE (adj)

TENSELY (adv)

TERMINAL (n): (1) (of a disease or illness) leading gradually to death, (2) the area or building at a station, airport or port which is used by passengers leaving or arriving by train, aircraft or ship

TERMINATE (v): to (cause something to) end or stop.

TERMINATION (n)

TEXT (n): the written words in a book, magazine, etc., not the pictures.

TEXTUAL (adj)

THANK (v): to express to someone that you are pleased about or appreciate something that they have done.

THANKFUL (adj)

THEATRE (n): (1) (the writing or performance of) plays, musicals or opera, written to be performed in public, (2) a building, room or outside structure with rows of seats, each row usually higher than the one in front, from which people can watch a performance or other activity.

THEATRICAL (adj)

THEME (n): the main subject of a talk, book, film, etc. or a short, simple tune on which a piece of music is based.

THEMATIC (adj)

THEMATICALLY (adv)

THEORY (n): a formal statement of the rules on which a subject of study is based or of ideas which are suggested to explain a fact or event or, more generally, an opinion or explanation.

THEORETICAL (adj)

THEORIST (n): someone who develops ideas about the explanation for events.

THESIS (n): (1) a long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one that is done for a higher college or university degree, (2) the main idea, opinion or theory of a person, group, piece of writing or speech.

THOROUGH (adj): complete, very great, very much.

THOROUGHLY (adv)

THREATEN (v): to tell someone that you will kill or hurt them, or cause problems for them if they do not do what you want.

THREAT (n)

THREATENING (adj)

THUNDER (n): the sudden loud noise which comes from the sky especially during a storm.

TIDE (n): the rise and fall of the sea that happens twice every day.

TIDAL (adj)

TIGHT (adj): (held or kept together) firmly or closely.

TIGHTLY (adv)

TOOL (n): a piece of equipment which you use with your hands to make or repair something.

TOUGH (adj): strong; not easily broken or weakened or defeated.

TRACE (v): (1) to follow the footprints, or trail of; (2) to follow or study out in detail or step by step; (3) to discover by going backward over the evidence step by step; (4) to discover signs, evidence, or remains of

TRACE (n): (1) a mark or line left by something that has passed; (2) a sign or evidence of some past thing

TRACEABLE (adj)

TRADE (v): (1) to engage in the exchange, purchase, or sale of goods; (2) to give one thing in exchange for another

TRADE (n)

TRADER (n)

TRADITION (n): (1) an inherited, established, or customary pattern of thought, action, or behavior (as a religious practice or a social custom); (2) a belief or story or relating to the past that are commonly accepted as historical

TRADITIONAL (adj)

TRADITIONALLY (adv)

TRAIN (v): (1) to form by instruction, discipline, or drill; (2) to teach so as to make fit, qualified, or proficient; (3) to make prepared (as by exercise) for a test of skill

TRAINER (n)

TRAINING (n)

TRANSFER (v): (1) to convey from one person, place, or situation to another; (2) to make over the possession or control of

TRANSFER (n)

TRANSFERABLE (adj)

TRANSFORM (v): (1) to change in composition or structure; (2) to change in character, condition, appearance

TRANSFORMATION (n)

TRANSIT (v): (1) to pass over or through; (2) to pass across (a meridian, a celestial body, or the field of view of a telescope)

TRANSITION (n): (1) passage from one state, stage, subject, or place to another; (2) a movement, development, or evolution from one form, stage, or style to another

TRANSITIONAL (adj)

TRANSMIT (v): (1) to send or convey from one person or place to another; (2) to cause (as light or force) to pass or be conveyed through space or a medium

TRANSMISSION (n)

TRANSPORT (v): to carry from one place to another

TRANSPORTATION (n)

TRAP (v): (1) to catch or take in or as if in a trap, to place in a restricted position; (2) to stop, to hold

TRAP (n): (1) something by which one is caught or stopped; (2) a position or situation from which it is difficult or impossible to escape

TREASURE (n): (1) a store of money in reserve; (2) something of great worth or value; (3) a collection of precious things

TREASURY (n): (1) a place in which stores of wealth are kept; (2) a governmental department in charge of finances and especially the collection, management, and expenditure of public revenues

TREAT (v): (1) to care for or deal with medically or surgically; (2) to provide with free food, drink, or entertainment; (3) to behave towards or deal with someone or something in a particular way

TREATMENT (n)

TREND (v): to extend in a general direction

TREND (n): (1) a general direction or movement; (2) a prevailing tendency or inclination; (3) a current style or preference

TRIAL (n): (1) the action or process of trying or putting to the proof; (2) a tryout or experiment to test quality, value, or usefulness; (3) the formal examination before a competent tribunal of the matter in issue in a civil or criminal cause in order to determine such issue

TRIBE (n): (1) a social group comprising numerous families, clans, or generations; (2) a group of persons having a common character, occupation, or interest

TRICK (v): to deceive, to cheat

TRICK (n): (1) a procedure or practice meant to deceive; (2) a deceptive act designed to puzzle or amuse

TRULY (adv): without falsity, in all sincerity

TRUST (v): (1) to place confidence; (2) to be confident; (3) to rely on the truthfulness or accuracy of

TRUST (n): assured reliance on the character, ability, strength, or truth of someone or something

TRUTH (n): (1) reality; (2) a judgment, proposition, or idea that is true or accepted as true 

TUNE (v): (1) to adjust in musical pitch or cause to be in tune; (2) to bring into harmony

TUNE (n): a pleasing succession of musical tones, melody

TYPICAL (adj): combining or exhibiting the essential characteristics of a group; representative of a group

TYPICALLY (adv)

ULTIMATE (adj): most extreme or important because either the original or final, or the best or worst.

ULTIMATELY (adv)

UNAVOIDABLE (adj): impossible to avoid.

UNCOMMUNICATIVE (adj): not willing to talk.

UNCONCERNED (adj): not worried or not interested, especially when you should be worried or interested.

UNCONTROLLABLE (adj): too strong or violent to be controlled.

UNCONTROLLED (adj)

UNDEFEATED (adj): in sports, having won every game.

UNDERGO (v): to experience something which is unpleasant or which involves a change.

UNDERLIE (v): to be a hidden cause of or strong influence on something.

UNDERTAKE (v): to do or begin to do something, especially something that will take a long time or be difficult.

UNDOUBTED (adj): not questioned or doubted; accepted as the truth.

UNDOUBTEDLY (adv)

UNECONOMICAL (adj): (1) describes businesses and industries that are not making enough profit or are losing money; (2) describes processes or activities that are wasteful and tend to result in a loss of money.

UNEDUCATED (adj): having received little or no education.

UNEMPLOYMENT (n): the number of people who do not have a job which provides money.

UNEMPLOYED (adj)

UNFAIR (adj): not treating people in an equal way, or not morally right.

UNFAIRLY (adv)

UNFAMILIAR (adj): not known to you.

UNFAMILIARITY (n)

UNFORTUNATE (adj): unlucky or having bad effects.

UNFORTUNATELY (adv)

UNIFY (v): to bring together; combine.

UNIFICATION (n)

UNION (n): the act or the state of being joined together.

UNIQUE (adj): being the only existing one of its type or, more generally, unusual or special in some way.

UNIQUELY (adv)

UNITE (v): to join together as a group, or to make people join together as a group; to combine.

UNITY (n)

UNIVERSE (n): everything that exists, especially all physical matter, including all the stars, planets, galaxies, etc. in space.

UNIVERSAL (adj)

UNIVERSALLY (adv)

UNLOAD (v): to remove the contents of something, especially a load of goods from a vehicle, the bullets from a gun or the film from a camera.

UNLOCK (v): to open something, especially a door which is locked (= fastened with a lock), using a key or an electronic device.

UNPLEASANT (adj): (1) not enjoyable or pleasant; (2) rude and angry.

UNSUITABLE (adj): not suitable.

UPRIGHT (adj): straight up or vertical.

URGE (v): (1) to present or demand pressingly; (2) to stimulate, to provoke.

URGE (n): a strong desire, especially one which is difficult or impossible to control.

UTILIZE (v): to use something in an effective way.

UTILITY (n):

VAIN (adj): unsuccessful or useless; of no value.

VALID (adj): based on truth or reason; able to be accepted.

VALUE (v): to give importance to something.

VALUE (n): (1) the importance or worth of something for someone; (2) how useful or important something is.

VALUABLE (adj)

VARY (v): to change or cause something to change in amount or level, especially from one occasion to another.

VARIATION (n)

VARIABLE (adj): changeable

VARIOUS (adj): of differing kinds.

VARIETY (n): the quality or state of having different forms or types.

VEHICLE (n): a machine usually with wheels and an engine, which is used for transporting people or goods on land, particularly on roads.

VERSE (n): writing which is arranged in short lines with a regular rhythm; poetry.

VERSION (n) : a particular form of something which varies slightly from other forms of the same thing.

VICTORY (n) : the state you are in when you win a game, competition, election, war, etc.

VICTORIOUS (adj)

VIOLATE (v) : to break or act against something, especially a law, agreement, principle or something that should be treated with respect.

VIOLATION (n)

VIOLENCE (n) : actions or words which are intended to hurt people.

VIOLENT (adj)

VIRTUAL (adj): (1) almost a particular thing or quality; (2) describes something that can be done or seen using a computer and therefore without going anywhere or talking to anyone.

VIRTUALLY (adv)

VISIBLE (adj): (1) able to be seen; (2) able or tending to attract public attention and be noticed.

VISIBILITY (n)

VISION (n): the ability to see.

VISUAL (adj): relating to seeing.

VISUALLY (adv)

VISUALIZE (v): to form a picture of someone or something in your mind, in order to imagine or remember them.

VOLUME (n): (1) the amount of space that is enclosed within an object or solid shape; (2) the number or amount of something in general.

VOLUNTEER (n): a person who does something, especially helping other people, willingly and without being forced or paid to do it.

VOLUNTARY (adj)

VOLUNTARILY (adv)

VOYAGE (n): a long journey, especially by ship.

WANDER (v): to walk around slowly in a relaxed way or without any clear purpose or direction.

WARM (adj): having or producing a comfortably high temperature, although not hot.

WARMTH (n)

WASTE (v): to use too much of something or use something badly when there is a limited amount of it.

WASTEFUL (adj)

WEAKEN (v): to (cause to) become less strong, powerful or determined.

WEAK (adj)

WEALTHY (n): a large amount of money or valuable possessions that someone has.

WEAPON (n): any object used in fighting or war, such as a gun, bomb, sword, etc.

WELFARE (n): physical and mental health and happiness, especially of a person.

WHEAT (n): a plant whose yellowish brown grain is used for making flour, or the grain itself.

WHISPER (v): to speak softly with little or no vibration of the vocal cords especially to avoid being overheard.

WHISTLE (v): to utter a clear sound by blowing or drawing air through the puckered lips.

WIDESPREAD (adj): existing or happening in many places and/or among many people.

WILD (adj): (1) describes plants or animals that live or grow independently of people, in natural conditions and with natural characteristics; (2) uncontrolled, violent or extreme.

WIPE (v): to slide something, especially a piece of cloth, over the surface of something else, in order to remove dirt, food or liquid.

WIRE (n): a piece of thin metal thread which can be bent, used for fastening things and for making particular types of strong but flexible items.

WISE (adj): possessing or showing the ability to make good judgments, based on a deep understanding and experience of life.

WISDOM (n)

WOOL (n): the soft, thick hair which grows on the bodies of sheep and some other animals.

WOOLLEN (adj)

WORSHIP (v): (1) to have or show a strong feeling of respect and admiration for God or a god; (2) to go to a religious ceremony.

WOUND (n): a damaged area of the body, such as a cut or hole in the skin or flesh made by a weapon.

WOUNDED (adj)

WRECK (v): (1) to destroy or badly damage something; (2) to spoil something completely.

YARD (n): (1) a unit of measurement equal to three feet or approximately 91.4 centimetres; (2) an area of land in which a particular type of work is done, often one from which goods are sold.

YIELD (v): to supply or produce something positive such as a profit, an amount of food or information.

 

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